Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst. + Pseudotsuga

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Literature

• references
  GOODMAN DM, TROFYMOW JA (1996) Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalpers + Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In Goodman DM, Durall DM, Trofymow JA, Berch SM (eds) Concise descriptions of North American ectomycorrhizae. Mycologue Publications, and Canada-B. C. Forest Resource Development Agreement, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, B. C., pp CDE1.1-CDE1.4.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
• diameter
0.47 mm    Minimum value
0.48 mm    Mean (= average)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    yellow
or    white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  absent
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.17 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    yellow
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
or    distal
• margin habit
  hairy
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
2.8 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  star-like
or    with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
2 µm    Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
or    in decaying wood
• geographic occurrence continent
  North America
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  known

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pseudotsuga

Fungus

• family
  Atheliaceae ("Corticiaceae")
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    corticioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly shaped; mycorrhizal ends bright yellow to rarely white, slightly brownish; rhizomorphs bright yellow or slightly brownish.

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