Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst. + Pseudotsuga

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Literature

references
  GOODMAN DM, TROFYMOW JA (1996) Piloderma fallax (Lib.) Stalpers + Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In Goodman DM, Durall DM, Trofymow JA, Berch SM (eds) Concise descriptions of North American ectomycorrhizae. Mycologue Publications, and Canada-B. C. Forest Resource Development Agreement, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, B. C., pp CDE1.1-CDE1.4.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
diameter
0.47 mm    Minimum value
0.48 mm    Mean (= average)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    yellow
or    white
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  absent
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.17 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    yellow
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
or    distal
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
2.8 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  rough
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  star-like
or    with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
2 µm    Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in organic layer
or    in decaying wood
geographic occurrence continent
  North America
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  known

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pseudotsuga

Fungus

family
  Atheliaceae ("Corticiaceae")
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    corticioid

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly shaped; mycorrhizal ends bright yellow to rarely white, slightly brownish; rhizomorphs bright yellow or slightly brownish.

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