Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél. + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Mleczko P (2004) Craterellus tubaeformis (Bull.) Quél. + Pinus sylvestris L. Descr Ectomyc 7/8: 29-36.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
or    coralloid
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
  unknown
abundance
  unknown
main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs presence
  absent
rhizomorphs frequency
  not applicable
exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
shape
  straight
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  yellow
or    grey [greyish]
or    white
or    whitish [very young tips whitish or whitish-ochre]
very tip colour
  whitish
older parts colour
  black [slightly orange or reddish]
or    orange
or    reddish
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  not applicable
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  unknown
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
crystals presence
  absent
crystals location
  not applicable
blue granules presence
  absent
blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
location
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
ramification presence-abundance
  not applicable
septa presence
  not applicable
contents colour
  not applicable
cell length
  not applicable
cell diameter
  not applicable
cell wall thickness
  not applicable
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
matrix location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
and    a net of coarse and irregularly shaped hyphae (type H)
hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
mound cells diameter
  not applicable
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
and    forked
hyphae arrangement
  not applicable
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
pores between cells presence
  not applicable
pores between cells abundance
  not applicable
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
and    ca. 90°
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
and    thicker than walls [or slightly thicker]
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
and    inflated at clamps
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  oily droplets, which do not stain in sulpho-vanillin
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
24 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell density
  not applicable
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
cell wall projections presence
  not applicable
cell wall projections abundance
  not applicable
cell wall projections shape
  not applicable
crystals diameter
  not applicable
crystals length
  not applicable
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [more compact, in some places a transition between plectenchyma and pseudoparenchyma]
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell shape
  not applicable
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell density
2     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  unknown
crystals diameter
  not applicable
crystals length
  not applicable
cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
cell shape
  not applicable
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  present
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Maximum value
cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
58 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell density
  not applicable
cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
or    of a transistional type between plectenchymatous and pseudoparenchymatous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  unknown
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
  not applicable
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
26 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
  unknown
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
63 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mean tangenial length TCt
40.2 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
2.12     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular
or    radially-oval to -elliptic
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
44 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
23.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
24.1 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  present


Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present [occasionally in dead segments]
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
septal pores configuration
  dolipore-like structures
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
or    closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum) [rarely]
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  not applicable
apical knobs number
  not applicable
apical knobs arrangement
  not applicable
apical knobs cell wall thickness {relative to cystidial body}
  not applicable
ramification presence-position
  not applicable
ramification type
  not applicable
branches ramification presence
  not applicable
septa presence
  not applicable
septa kind
  not applicable
septa distance {between}
  not applicable
septa number
  not applicable
foot cell presence
  not applicable
diameter {proximal}
  not applicable
diameter {distal}
  not applicable
length
  not applicable
cell wall colour
  not applicable
cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells}
  not applicable
cell wall thickness
  not applicable
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  not applicable
cell wall evenness
  not applicable
surface habit
  not applicable
contents presence
  not applicable
contents type
  not applicable

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  unknown
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
or    approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped [rarely]
distance {from septum}
  unknown
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
or    two true (at one height) side-branches at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  smooth
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  less than a semicircle
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  unknown
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent
abundance
  not applicable
distribution
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
44 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
85 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with a gelatinous envelope [partially covered by slimy substances]
or    with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
presence shape
  not applicable
orientation
  not applicable
diameter
  not applicable
length
  not applicable

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  not applicable
length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  not applicable
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} frequency
  not applicable
{of foreign origin} formed by genus
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
diameter
  not applicable
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
  unknown
shape
  unknown
diameter
  unknown
length
  unknown
distance {between each other}
  unknown
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
presence
  unknown
frequency
  unknown
arrangement
  unknown
diameter
  unknown
Ultrastructure
septal pores type
  unknown
Woronin bodies shape
  unknown
hyphae warts shape
  not applicable
mantle matrix presence-kind
  unknown

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [mantle bluish]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [mantle yellowish]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [mantle reddish]

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  unknown
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  present [oily contents of hyphae dissolve]
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  unknown
reaction with formol 40% presence
  unknown
reaction with guaiac presence
  present [hyphal walls bluish]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present [mantle yellowish]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  present [oily contents of hyphae dissolve]
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  not applicable
amyloidity haustoria presence
  not applicable
reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan III presence
  present [oily droplets inside hyphae stain orange]
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  absent
reaction with water presence
  unknown
chemical compounds type
  unknown

Ecology

substrate
  unknown
{occurence in} humus type
  unknown
soil pH
  pH 3 - 4
or    pH 4 - 5
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cantharellaceae
subfamily
  unknown
subgenus-section
  unknown
subsection
  unknown
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

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