Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & A. H. Smith + Alnus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Wiedmr E, Senn-Irlet B, Agerer R (2001) Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & A. H. Smith + Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Descr Ectomyc 5: 1-8.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• tips {per 10 mm} number
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.9 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  unknown
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
• shape
  straight
or    bent
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
  brownish
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• older parts colour
  black
or    dark brown
or    brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  not applicable
or    absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  not applicable
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
• mantle dots presence-colour
  unknown
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly [in some parts loosely woolly]
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  unknown
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  not specific
• margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
• crystals presence
  present
• crystals location
  outer mantle layer
or    peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• blue granules presence
  absent
• blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• location
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• ramification presence-abundance
  not applicable
• septa presence
  not applicable
• contents colour
  not applicable
• cell length
  not applicable
• cell diameter
  not applicable
• cell wall thickness
  not applicable
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  unknown
• matrix location
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) [hyphae forming terminally globular inflations, 9-15(20) µm diam., occurring in patches]
• hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
• hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
• mound cells diameter
  not applicable
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphal system kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  not applicable
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  not applicable
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• pores between cells presence
  not applicable
• pores between cells abundance
  not applicable
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  not applicable
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa [slightly]
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
15 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
115 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
  not applicable
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
and    with few crystals
and    with few soil particles
• cell wall projections presence
  not applicable
• cell wall projections abundance
  not applicable
• cell wall projections shape
  not applicable
• crystals diameter
  unknown
• crystals length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
• blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell shape
  not applicable
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell density
  not applicable
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• crystals diameter
  not applicable
• crystals length
  not applicable
• cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• cell shape
  not applicable
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell density
  not applicable
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
or    plectenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  unknown
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
50 µm    Minimum value
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous [loosely]
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  not applicable
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
• laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent
• rows number
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• tangentially length
  not applicable
• radially diameter
  not applicable
• mean tangenial length TCt
  not applicable
• mean shape-ratio TCq
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
34 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.9     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
3 µm    Minimum value
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
• septal pores configuration
  unknown
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
or    as thick as
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  wavy [to irregularly sinuous]
• cell pigment location-colour
  epimembranaceously brownish
or    epimembranaceously yellowish
• pigment presence-distribution
  approximately evenly distributed
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  unknown
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  unknown
• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  oval
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  thinner than
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  less than a semicircle
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  unknown
• abundance
  unknown
• distribution
  unknown

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    inflated
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  with crystals
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
• presence shape
  irregularly shaped, amorphous
• orientation
  unknown
• diameter
  unknown
• length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  not applicable
• length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  present
• internal nodia presence
  unknown
• gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  unknown
• conical young side-branches presence
  unknown
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  unknown
• blue granules location
  not applicable

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• contents presence-kind
  unknown
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  not applicable
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} presence
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} frequency
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} formed by genus
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• diameter
  not applicable
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
  unknown
• shape
  unknown
• diameter
  unknown
• length
  unknown
• distance {between each other}
  unknown
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
• presence
  unknown
• frequency
  unknown
• arrangement
  unknown
• diameter
  unknown
Ultrastructure
• septal pores type
  unknown
• Woronin bodies shape
  unknown
• hyphae warts shape
  not applicable
• mantle matrix presence-kind
  unknown

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
• reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  unknown
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  present [only in FEA a reaction: deep blue, pigment is washed out and stains FEA solution blue within seconds (whole mycorrhizae and fruitbodies)]
• reaction with guaiac presence
  unknown
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [hyphae become lighter]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  unknown
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  not applicable
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  not applicable
• reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
• reaction with sudan III presence
  unknown
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent [cell walls and contents deep red]
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with water presence
  unknown
• chemical compounds type
  unknown

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown ['9001' added to avoid duplicates!]#OCCURS TWICE IN SAME CHARACTER: PLEASE CORRECT DEFINITION!#

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Alnus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Paxillaceae [Melanogastraceae]
• fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous
or    gastroid

– Item listing –