Cortinarius alnobetulae Kühn. + Alnus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Wiedmer E, Senn-Irlet B (1999) Cortinarius alnobetulae Kühn. + Alnus virids (Chaix) DC. Descr Ectomyc 4: 7-12.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
tips {per 10 mm} number
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.17 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.26 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  white
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  brownish
or    ochre, yellowish brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
or    loosely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat [flattened]
colour
  white
after injury colour
  unchanged
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  present
abundance
  abundant
shape
  globular [to ovoid]
diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
formation location
  on the mantle [at the base of side-branches]

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  secondary septa lacking
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  unknown
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
40 µm    Minimum value
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
125 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
38 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer presence
  absent
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
13 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
57 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
30.4 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  unknown
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses surface habit
  smooth
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  straight
or    wavy
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  unknown
distance {from septum}
  unknown
side-branches at septum number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  smooth
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  as broad as
clamps hole presence
  present [occasionally]
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  not applicable
length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent only on thickened hyphae
contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances [some central thick hyphae]
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent only on thickened hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances [some central thick hyphae]
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent only on thickened hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances [some central thick hyphae]
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent only on thickened hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances [some central thick hyphae]
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent only on thickened hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances [some central thick hyphae]
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of sclerotia
internal structure organisation
  plectenchymatous throughout [inner hyphae strongly inflated]
center structure habit
  loosely woven
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [dark greenish blue, after treatmetn with water turquoise]
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  absent

Ecology

soil pH
  acid reaction
or    subacid reaction
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Betulaceae
plant genus
  Alnus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cortinariaceae
subgenus-section
  Cortinarius subg. Phlegmacium
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –