| • references | |
| Beenken L (2004) Die Gattung Russula. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Systematik anhand von Ektomykorrhizen. Dissertation, Universität München. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00003175/01/Beenken_Ludwig.pdf | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 mm | Maximum value |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.25 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance smooth | |
| • mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
| unknown | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| or | sinuous |
| or | tortuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.15 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.2 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| brownish [orange to light brown] | |
| or | orange [orange to light brown] |
| • very tip colour | |
| brownish [light] | |
| or | orange [light] |
| • after injury colour | |
| unchanged | |
| • older parts colour | |
| unknown | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| unknown | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| not smooth | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely grainy or warty | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| unknown | |
| • diameter | |
| 0.1 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.15 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| cushion-shaped (semicircular) | |
| • colour | |
| concolourous to mantle | |
| or | brownish [orange to light brown] |
| or | orange |
| • after injury colour | |
| unknown | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| infrequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| proximal | |
| • connection to substrate | |
| almost consistently growing along roots | |
| • margin habit | |
| unknown | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| unknown | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | emanating hyphae |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • crystals presence | |
| absent | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • completeness | |
| complete | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| hyphae arranged net-like, with prominent cystidia (type D) | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae short protrusions presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
| unknown | |
| • hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between} | |
| unknown | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, constricted at septa | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae | |
| • incomplete septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| variable [septa often crowded] | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| unknown | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| unknown | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • hyphae vessel-like presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa thickness | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • type | |
| flask-shaped with an apical knob (type D) | |
| • density | |
| unknown | |
| • apical knobs number | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs arrangement | |
| solitary, not in chains | |
| or | symmetrically |
| • apical knobs shape | |
| ovoid | |
| • apical knobs diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs length | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • apical knobs cell wall thickness {relative to cystidial body} | |
| as thick as those of cystidial body | |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • foot cell presence | |
| absent | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| unknown | |
| • length | |
| 12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| similar | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thinner | |
| or | similar in thickness |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| unknown | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| present | |
| • contents type | |
| finely granular | |
| • type | |
| awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A) [on mantle] | |
| or | fusiform (type F) [on mantle] |
| or | bent or curved with thick walls, sickle-shaped (type K) [on rhizomorphs] |
| • density | |
| unknown | |
| • ramification presence-position | |
| absent | |
| • septa presence | |
| present | |
| • septa kind | |
| simple | |
| • basal clamp walls abruptly thick | |
| absent | |
| • foot cell presence | |
| absent | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| similar | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| uneven in thickness | |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thicker | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • type | |
| differentiated; thick hyphae forming a core, septa complete or sometimes enlarged (type E) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae distinctly different diameter | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • conical young side-branches presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| unknown | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| present [cell walls blue] | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with water presence | |
| absent | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Africa | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Euphorbiaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Uapaca | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Russula sect. Heterophyllae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number | |
| 3 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number | |
| 540 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number | |
| 130 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 3. band from below number | |
| 60 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number | |
| 4 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number | |
| 380 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number | |
| 350 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number | |
| 130 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 4. band from below number | |
| 50 | Mean (= average) |
| • public notes | |
| EcoRI: 520 bp, 340 bp, 55 bp; TaqI: 510 bp, 190 bp, 110 bp, 55 bp | |