Tricholoma bufonium (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet + Abies

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Comandini O, Haug I, Rinaldi AC, Kuyper TW (2004) Uniting Tricholoma sulphureum and T. bufonium. Mycol Res 108(10): 1162-1171.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
3.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Maximum value
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
or    bent
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellow [with reddish yellow tones]
or    white [with reddish yellow tones]
• very tip colour
  yellow
or    yellowish
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
or    loosely stringy
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.35 mm    Mean (= average)
• cross-section shape
  flat
• colour
  brown [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
or    yellow [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
or    reddish [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
or    fan-like
• origin location
  not specific
• margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) [infrequently]
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  infrequent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    yellowish
• cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough [sometimes with a sort of incrustation]
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    yellowish
• cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  plectenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer presence
  absent
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
14 µm    Minimum value
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  in two rows, not reaching endodermis [in 2(3) rows]
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
or    undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Abies
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Tricholomataceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –