"Fagirhiza setifera" + Fagus

Literature

• references
	Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229. Brand F (1991) Fagirhiza setifera. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 55, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
8	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.25 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	bent
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	black
or	dark brown
• very tip colour
	black
or	dark brown
• older parts colour
	black
or	dark brown
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely grainy or warty
or	densely short-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	concentrated proximally

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	angular
• mantle type
	angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K)
• mound cells diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mound cells granular contents
	absent
• pores between cells presence
	present
• pores between cells abundance
	infrequent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
21 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
21 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
4	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	present
• cell wall projections abundance
	infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
	even in thickness
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, star-like
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
11 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
3.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
46 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.36	Minimum value
0.48	Mean (= average)
0.67	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	radially-oval to -elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.63	Minimum value
0.8	Mean (= average)
1.1	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes width
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	present
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
	thicker than
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	as thick as

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
or	bent or curved with thick walls, sickle-shaped (type K)
• ramification presence-position
	absent
• septa presence
	present
• septa kind
	simple
• diameter {proximal}
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
	brownish
• cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells}
	lacking or less intense
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
	similar in thickness
• cell wall evenness
	even in thickness
• surface habit
	smooth
• contents presence
	absent
• contents type
	absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• pigment presence-distribution
	approximately evenly distributed
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
	one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	present
• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
	oval
or	cylindric
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
	thinner than
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
	less than a semicircle
or	not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
	thinner than
• clamps hole presence
	absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• abundance
	infrequent
• distribution
	not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
5 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	rough of warts
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
	hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	thinner
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
• diameter
1.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• length
1.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• distance {between each other}
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	absent
• reaction with sudan III presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• substrate
	in organic layer
or	in organically enriched mineral horizon
• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe

Tree

• plant family
	Fagaceae
• plant genus
	Fagus
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal ends often slightly bent, dark-brown to black-brown, very tips and older parts dark-brown to black-brown; cell walls of mounds 1-4 um thick; plan view of middle mantle layers pseudoparenchymatous and cells star-like arranged; neck of cystidia often not straight, sometimes slightly or irregularly bent, simple septa of cystidia very infrequent; in longitudinal section Hartig net 1(-2) cortical cell layers deep, in cross-section 1-3 layers; mycorrhizae infrequently in organically enriched mineral soil horizons.

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