Amphinema byssoides (Pers. : Fr.) J. Erikss. + Pinus

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Literature

• references
  Fassi B, de Vecchi E (1962) Ricerche sulle micorrize ectotrofiche del Pino strobo in vivaio. I. Descrizione di alcune forme piu diffuse in Piemonte. Allionia 8: 133-152.
Haug I, Weber R, Oberwinkler F, Tschen J (1994) The mycorrhizal status of Taiwanese trees and the description of some ectomycorrhizal types. Trees 8: 237-253.
Raidl S (1997) Studien zur Ontogenie an Rhizomorphen von Ektomykorrhizen. Bibl Mycol 169: 1-84.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• colour
  yellow
or    white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
or    densely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.15 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellowish
• margin habit
  hairy
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic


Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  consistently present
• shape
  as normal hyphae
Ultrastructure
• hyphae warts shape
  acicular, with a translucent channel

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Asia
or    Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines

Fungus

• family
  Atheliaceae ("Corticiaceae")
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    corticioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal ends colourless to whitish.

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