| • references | |
| Giltrap NJ (1979) Experimental studies on the establishment and stability of ectomycorrhizas. Diss Univ Sheffield. Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV (1990) Identification of ectomycorrhizas. ITE Research Publication no. 5. HMSO, London. Simard SW, Molina R, Smith JE, Perry DA, Jones MD (1997) Shared compatibility of ectomycorrhizae on Pseudotsuga menziesii and Betula papyrifera seedlings grown in mixture in soils from southern British Colombia. Can J For Res 27: 331-342. |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| absent | |
| or | monopodial-pinnate |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Mean (= average) |
| 1 | Maximum value |
| • abundance | |
| solitary or in small numbers | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| • exploration type | |
| short distance | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • colour | |
| black | |
| • very tip colour | |
| black | |
| • older parts colour | |
| black | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| shiny | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely woolly | |
| or | loosely woolly |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| not specifically distributed | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • shape | |
| globular | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| black | |
| • formation location | |
| on single hyphae or in the soil | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| hyphae star-like arranged and tightly glued together (type G) | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously brownish | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, star-like | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously brownish | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| even | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | rough of warts |
| • internal structure organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous with angular cells | |
| • center structure habit | |
| compactly filled | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| or | North America |
| • plant family | |
| Betulaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Betula | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| nursery | |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal systems at most occasionally with one or two short branches; mycorrhizal ends short and often club-shaped. | |