Hydnellum caeruleum (Hornem.) P. Karst. + Picea

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Literature

• references
  Kernaghan G (2001) Ectomycorrhizal fungi at tree line in the Canadian Rockies II. Identification of ectomycorrhizae by anatomy and PCR. Mycorrhiza 10: 217-229.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    coralloid
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown [ochre-gray]
or    orange [dingy orange]
or    reddish [pink]
or    grey [ochre-gray]
or    white
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  present
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.025 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• blue granules presence
  present
• blue granules location
  outer mantle layer
or    rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B) [forming a reticulum in some areas]
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• cell diameter
2.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• pigment granula on surface presence
  present
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• cell diameter
1.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    vinaceous [slightly]


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
or    undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  present
• type
  special features lacking
• colour
  colourless
or    brownish
• diameter
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Chemical reactions

• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present [olive; dark violet "crystals"(comment: blue granules?) dissolve in 5% KOH releasing a blue-green pigment.]

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  North America

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Bankeraceae ss. Stalpers
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-hydnoid

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