• references | |
Cuvelier J-J (1990) Caracterisation des ectomycorhizes de Betula pendula (I): Cortinarius armillatus, Dermocybe phoenicea et Amanita muscaria. Belg J Bot 123(1/2): 73-91. Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV (1990) Identification of ectomycorrhizas. ITE Res Publ 5. HMSO, London. |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• ramification presence-type | |
monopodial-pinnate | |
or | monopodial-pyramidal |
• ramification orders | |
0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• abundance | |
abundant, dense | |
• main axis diameter | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.6 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs presence | |
present | |
• rhizomorphs frequency | |
infrequent | |
• exploration type | |
medium distance smooth |
• shape | |
bent | |
or | sinuous |
or | tortuous |
• shape {of distal end} | |
not inflated, cylindric | |
• diameter | |
0.22 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.54 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• colour | |
ochre, yellowish brown | |
or | red |
or | white |
• very tip colour | |
white | |
• older parts colour | |
brown | |
or | ochre, yellowish brown |
or | orange |
or | grey |
• mantle cortical cells visibility | |
not visible | |
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
present | |
• mantle transparency | |
not transparent | |
• mantle laticifers visibility | |
absent | |
• mantle dots presence-colour | |
absent | |
• mantle carbonizing presence | |
absent | |
• mantle surface {in general} habit | |
silvery | |
or | smooth |
• mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
densely grainy or warty | |
• emanating hyphae presence | |
absent |
• diameter | |
0.06 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cross-section shape | |
round or roundish | |
• colour | |
concolourous to mantle | |
or | brown |
or | orange |
or | whitish |
• ramification kind-frequency | |
infrequently, at restricted points | |
• origin location | |
proximal | |
• margin habit | |
smooth |
• presence | |
absent |
• emanating elements presence-type | |
rhizomorphs | |
or | cystidia |
• emanating elements cystidia location | |
on outer mantle layer |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• mantle type | |
ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) | |
• hyphal system kind | |
with rather short, obtuse, even finger-like branches | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell shape | |
irregularly inflated or even beaded | |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth | |
• drops of exuded pigment presence | |
absent |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
plectenchymatous, ring-like |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
or | plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells |
• hyphae arrangement | |
without pattern | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
13.5 µm | Minimum value |
24.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
45.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
66 µm | Maximum value |
• mantle different layers presence | |
discernable | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
1 µm | Minimum value |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
8 µm | Maximum value |
• tangentially length | |
4 µm | Minimum value |
10.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
24.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
39 µm | Maximum value |
• radially diameter | |
22.5 µm | Minimum value |
29 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
43.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
59.5 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely |
• presence | |
present | |
• kind | |
periepidermal | |
or | in two rows, not reaching endodermis |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
roundish | |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
2 µm | Minimum value |
4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
9 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
one | |
or | two |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
radially-oval to -elliptic | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
7 µm | Minimum value |
12.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
18.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
22.5 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
20.5 µm | Minimum value |
27 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
37 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
43.5 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
2 µm | Minimum value |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
12.5 µm | Maximum value |
• type | |
fusiform (type F) | |
or | globular (type G) |
• septa presence | |
absent | |
or | present |
• septa kind | |
absent, with basal clamp only | |
or | simple |
• diameter {proximal} | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• length | |
0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
thicker | |
• surface habit | |
smooth | |
• contents presence | |
present | |
• contents type | |
finely granular |
• clamps presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• type | |
undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B) |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae |
• presence | |
absent |
• geographic occurrence continent | |
Europe | |
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
known |
• plant family | |
Betulaceae | |
• plant genus | |
Betula | |
• plant habitat kind | |
forests, woods |
• family | |
Amanitaceae | |
• fruitbodies growth habit | |
epigeous | |
or | pileate-lamellate |