Tuber borchii Vitt. + Pinus

Literature

Dunabeitia MK, Hormilla S, Salcedo I, Pena JI (1996) Ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Pinus radiata and eight fungi associated with Pinus spp. Mycologia 88(6): 897-908.
Zambonelli A, Salomoni S, Pisi A (1995) Caratterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber borchii, Tuber aestivum, Tuber mesentericum, Tuber brumale, Tuber melanosporum su Pinus pinea. Mic Ital 1995(2): 119-137.
Zambonelli A, Iotti M, Govi G (1998) Cartterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize in una tartufaia coltivata die Tuber borchii Vittad. Mic Ital 27(1): 23-36.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
1 mm	Minimum value
1.5 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 mm	Maximum value
• ramification presence-type
	absent
or	dichotomous
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• length
0.24 mm	Minimum value
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.73 mm	Mean (= average)
1.2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.6 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.24 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.34 mm	Mean (= average)
0.48 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
or	red
• very tip colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
or	whitish
• older parts colour
	dark brown
or	brown
or	red
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely short-spiny

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
	epidermoid cells (type M)
and	epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell density
4	Minimum value
7	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
17	Maximum value
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall projections presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell density
10	Minimum value
14	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
19	Maximum value

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• septa clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
16 µm	Minimum value
35 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
67 µm	Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
13 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Mean (= average)
26.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4.3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6.4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
2	Maximum value
• tangentially length
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Mean (= average)
42 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Mean (= average)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
29 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
52 µm	Mean (= average)
90.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
18.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Mean (= average)
68 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
64.9 µm	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6.8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7.6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• radially diameter
21.6 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean tangential length TCt
40.4 µm	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
47.8 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
44.9 µm	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• backwards-oriented clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
	absent
• septa presence
	present
• septa kind
	simple
• diameter {proximal}
2.1 µm	Minimum value
4.7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.7 µm	Mean (= average)
7.9 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
1.6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.25 µm	Mean (= average)
2.6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
48 µm	Minimum value
74 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
89 µm	Mean (= average)
114 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
140 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
3.7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.2 µm	Mean (= average)
7.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	rough of warts

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
	two-needle-pines
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes
	Mycorrhizal ends reddish ochre, very tips whitish ochre, older parts dark reddish-brown or brown.

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