| • references | |
| di Marino E, Montecchio L, Agerer R (2008) Hygrophorus penarius L. + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 77-82 | |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| absent | |
| or | monopodial-pinnate [irregularly] |
| • abundance | |
| solitary or in small numbers | |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| • exploration type | |
| short distance | |
| • mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| whitish | |
| • very tip colour | |
| whitish | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| semi-transparent, opaque | |
| or | completely transparent |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| smooth | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| emanating hyphae | |
| • crystals presence | |
| present | |
| • crystals location | |
| outer mantle layer | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • completeness | |
| complete | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| mantle surface | |
| or | outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C) | |
| • hyphal net cells shape | |
| not applicable | |
| • hyphal net cells diameter | |
| not applicable | |
| • hyphal net cell walls habit | |
| not applicable | |
| • hyphal net clamps presence | |
| not applicable | |
| • clavate end cell cover presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous [distinctly] | |
| • hyphal system kind | |
| undifferentiated | |
| • hyphae short protrusions presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
| present | |
| • hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between} | |
| ca. 45° and less [rarely] | |
| and | ca. 90° |
| and | ca. 120° [rarely] |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • septa clamps abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, not constricted at septa | |
| and | cylindric, constricted at septa |
| and | ampullate at both sides of septum |
| and | inflated at clamps |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 100 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Minimum value |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • crystals presence-shape | |
| hexagonal | |
| and | rhomboid |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous [densely] | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 15 µm | Minimum value |
| 30 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 60 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • crystals diameter | |
| 5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • crystals length | |
| 10 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous [densely] | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • hyphae vessel-like presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Minimum value |
| 70 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 100 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| tortuous | |
| or | irregularly inflated or even beaded |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| acute | |
| or | approximately 90° |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| adjacent to septum | |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps outline {in lateral view} | |
| as a semicircle | |
| or | constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| present | |
| or | even medallion-like |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| even | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| simple | |
| or | tortuous, screw-like |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall} | |
| as thick as | |
| or | moderately thicker |
| • presence shape | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| present [in cells of meristem] | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence | |
| absent | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence | |
| blue, bluish | |
| • mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
| present [slightly bluish] | |
| • mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence | |
| present [slightly yellowish] | |
| • mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence | |
| present [slightly reddish] | |
| • reaction with congo red | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with ethanol 70% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FEA presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| present [slightly greyish] | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| absent | |
| • substrate | |
| in mineral soil | |
| • {occurence in} humus type | |
| mull [dysmull] | |
| • soil pH | |
| pH 5 - 6 | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • plant family | |
| Fagaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Fagus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Hygrophoraceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |