Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. + Pseudotsuga

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Literature

• references
  Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV (1990) Identification of ectomycorrhizas. ITE Research Publication no. 5. HMSO, London.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
or    white
• older parts colour
  brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    brownish
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  present
• abundance
  infrequent
• shape
  globular
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    white
• formation location
  on the mantle
or    laterally on rhizomorphs

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps hole presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• abundance
  infrequent
• distribution
  not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    inflated
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pseudotsuga
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Paxillaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizae silver-white when young, changing to silvr-buff and then silver-bay with age, and are easily bruised to produce darker patches.

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