Tylospora asterophora (Bon.) Donk + Picea

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Literature

• references
  Eberhardt U, Walter L, Kottke I (1999) Molecular and morphological discrimination between Tylospora fibrillosa and Tylospora asterophora mycorrhizae. Can J Bot 77: 11-21.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
• shape
  straight
or    bent
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• colour
  brownish [light brown]
• very tip colour
  white
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  brown [dark coloured]
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent [often showing a grainy pattern of lighter and darker elongated spots (comment: tannin cells shining through?)]
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  completely irregularly shaped
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present


Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
or    closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Maximum value


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• chemical reaction with neofuchsin crystal violet
  violet

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Atheliaceae ("Corticiaceae")
• fruitbodies growth habit
  corticioid

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
3     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
240     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
219     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
80     Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes
  MboI: 397bp, 213bp; CfoI; 332 bp, 149 bp, 110bp;

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