| • references | |
| Eberhardt U, Verbeken A, Rinaldi AC, Pacioni G, Comandini O (2000) Lactarius ectomycorrhizae on Abies alba: morphological description, molecular characterization, and taxonomic remarks. Mycologia 92(5): 860-873. | |
| • length | |
| 4.4 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.6 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.7 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance smooth | |
| • shape | |
| straight [infrequently] | |
| or | bent |
| or | tortuous [infrequently] |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Minimum value |
| 1.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 mm | Maximum value |
| • diameter | |
| 0.4 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown | |
| • older parts colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown [dark yellowish brown] | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| present | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit | |
| yellowish | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | not smooth |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| loosely grainy or warty [slightly grainy in young specimens] | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • margin habit | |
| smooth | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| • crystals presence | |
| present | |
| • crystals location | |
| outer mantle layer | |
| or | peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • location | |
| middle mantle layer | |
| or | rhizomorphs |
| • shape | |
| straight and even | |
| • ramification presence-abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • contents colour | |
| yellowish | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • completeness | |
| complete | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
| angular | |
| and | roundish |
| • mantle type | |
| angular cells (type L) | |
| • clavate end cell cover presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| not specific | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| with many crystals | |
| • crystals presence-shape | |
| rhomboid | |
| • crystals length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern [or arranged in parallel] | |
| • hyphae vessel-like presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer presence | |
| present | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis [three rows of cortical cells] | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • type | |
| undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B) |
|
| • hyphae distinctly different diameter | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Abies | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Lactarius subg. Piperites | |
| or | Lactarius sect. Zonarii |
| • subsection | |
| Lactarius sect Zonarii subsect Scrobiculati | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |