Alnicola cholea Kühner + Polygonum

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Literature

• references
  Moreau P-A, Mleczko P, Ronikier M, Ronikier A (2006) Rediscovery of Alnicola cholea (Cortinariaceae): taxonomic revision and description of its mycorrhiza with Polygonum viviparum (Polygonaceae). Mycologia 98(3): 468-478.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• ramification presence-type
  absent
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight [mostly]
or    bent [rarely]
or    sinuous [rarely]
or    constricted between older and younger parts
or    beaded [sometimes]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
• length
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
or    whitish
• older parts colour
  reddish [with reddish tint]
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    loosely woolly
or    densely stringy
or    loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [plectenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous]
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
and    ca. 90°
• septa clamps presence
  present
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
130 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [often transitional to a pseudoparenchyma]
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
26 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
54 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
71 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.42     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  not smooth
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than [slightly]
or    as broad as

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
150 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Polygonaceae
• plant genus
  Polygonum
• plant habitat kind
  dwarf shrub vegetation

Fungus

• family
  Cortinariaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

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