Lactarius badiosanguineus Kühn. & Romagn. + Pinus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R (1995) Anatomical characteristics of identified ectomycorrhizas: an attempt towards a natural classification. In Varma AK, Hock B (eds.) Structure, function, molecular biology and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 685-734.
Treu R (1990) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen aus dem Nationalpark Berchtesgaden. Bibliotheca Mycologica 134: 1-196.
Treu R (1990) Lactarius badiosanguineus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 41, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.67 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  contact
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.47 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.53 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    orange
• very tip colour
  brownish
or    orange
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
or    present
• location
  inner mantle layer
• ramification presence-abundance
  infrequent
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
• mantle type
  angular cells bearing a hyphal net (type P)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not specialized
• hyphal net cells diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  faint, delicate, inconspicuous, rather thin
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
5     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
24 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
53 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
75.8 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
55.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
93 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangential length TCt
60.7 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
2.5     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  round
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
58 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
37.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent




Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• {of foreign origin} presence
  present
• {of foreign origin} frequency
  occasionally present
• shape
  as normal hyphae
• diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  round
or    oval
• diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
  five-needle-pines
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
  Lactarius sect. Russulares
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Outer mantle layers in plan view with 11-17x8-17 um large inflated cells; laticifer septa infrequent; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter bluish, with blue-filter yellowish; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with some laticifers with bluish-black contents.

– Item listing –