| • references | |
| Beenken L (2004) Die Gattung Russula. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Systematik anhand von Ektomykorrhizen. Dissertation, Universität München. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00003175/01/Beenken_Ludwig.pdf | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| • exploration type | |
| contact | |
| • mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | sinuous [slightly] |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| whitish [to cream coloured] | |
| • after injury colour | |
| unchanged | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| not smooth | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely grainy or warty [rough] | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| emanating hyphae | |
| • crystals presence | |
| absent | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
| angular | |
| • mantle type | |
| angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K) | |
| and | some cells containing droplets, staining in sulpho-vanillin; shape variable (type N) |
| and | angular cells and mounds of flattened cells (type O) |
| • mound cells shape | |
| irregular or with short bulges | |
| • mound cells diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mound cells length | |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mound cells cell wall thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mound cells cell wall kind | |
| smooth | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| not specific | |
| • hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
| present | |
| • pores between cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| and | membranaceously yellowish |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| droplets, that stain in sulpho-vanillin | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall with globular thickenings | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • cell wall projections presence | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell shape | |
| polygonal | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| droplets, that stain in sulpho-vanillin | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous [densely] | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • hyphae vessel-like presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • calyptra cell remnants presence | |
| present | |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| paraepidermal | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| cylindrical | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| present [cell walls blue] | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| present [contents of gloeoplerous cells bluish black] | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Salicaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Salix | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| dwarf shrub vegetation | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Russula sect. Russula | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |