Russula olivacea (Schaeff.) Pers. + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Beenken L (2004) Die Gattung Russula. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Systematik anhand von Ektomykorrhizen. Dissertation, Universität München. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00003175/01/Beenken_Ludwig.pdf

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  absent
or    monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
or    present
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown [light redbrown]
• very tip colour
  brownish [light]
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  present
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  surface net [at places]
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
  some cells containing droplets, staining in sulpho-vanillin; shape variable (type N)
and    epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• hyphal net cells shape
  with roundish lobes
and    with ring- or star-like structures
• hyphal net cells diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  distinct, rather thick
• hyphal net clamps presence
  absent
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  not specific
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present [at places]
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  droplets, that stain in sulpho-vanillin
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell shape
  epidermoid
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  droplets, that stain in sulpho-vanillin
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Maximum value


Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent [cell walls blue]
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [contents of gloeoplerous cells brown]

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
  Russula sect. Alutaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
3     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
420     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
330     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 3. band from below number
230     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
5     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
240     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
220     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
195     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 4. band from below number
175     Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes
  Hinf I: 140pb; EcoR I: 570 bp, 420 bp; Taq I: 530 bp, 300 bp, 100 bp, 60 bp

– Item listing –