Tricholoma scalpturatum (Fr.) Quel. + Populus

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Literature

references
  Cripps CL (1997) Tricholoma scalpturatum (Fr.) Quel. + Populus tremuloides Michx. Descr Ectomyc 2: 73-78.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  abundant, dense
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  straight
or    bent
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.05 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
colour
  white
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
or    fan-like
origin location
  not specific
or    distal
or    proximal
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  forked
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 120°
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous
or    plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
57 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
18 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.41     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  periepidermal
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent
shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
46 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
19.3 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.67     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  Y-shaped
distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
or    two true (at one height) side-branches at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
or    present
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
or    present
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in mineral soil
geographic occurrence continent
  North America
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Salicaceae
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Tricholomataceae
subgenus-section
  Tricholoma subg. Tricholoma
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pinnate; mycorrhizal ends silvery in patches, very tips and where mantle thins pale yellowish-brown; mantle surface sticky; inner mantle layers in plan view plectenchymatous tending towards plectenchmyatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests; rhizomorphs in KOH with some cells with yellowish brown contents, mantle a reaction lacking, in FeSO4 cell walls of rhizomorphs blacken and mantle lacking a reaction, in cotton-blue some cells of mantle with blue contents, in NH3 rhizomorph cell walls darken.

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