Tricholoma scalpturatum (Fr.) Quel. + Populus

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Literature

• references
  Cripps CL (1997) Tricholoma scalpturatum (Fr.) Quel. + Populus tremuloides Michx. Descr Ectomyc 2: 73-78.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  abundant, dense
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
or    bent
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.05 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
• colour
  white
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
or    fan-like
• origin location
  not specific
or    distal
or    proximal
• margin habit
  hairy
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  forked
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 120°
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous
or    plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
57 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
18 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.41     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent
• shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
46 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
19.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.67     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  Y-shaped
• distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
or    two true (at one height) side-branches at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
or    present
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
or    present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in mineral soil
• geographic occurrence continent
  North America
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Salicaceae
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Tricholomataceae
• subgenus-section
  Tricholoma subg. Tricholoma
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pinnate; mycorrhizal ends silvery in patches, very tips and where mantle thins pale yellowish-brown; mantle surface sticky; inner mantle layers in plan view plectenchymatous tending towards plectenchmyatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests; rhizomorphs in KOH with some cells with yellowish brown contents, mantle a reaction lacking, in FeSO4 cell walls of rhizomorphs blacken and mantle lacking a reaction, in cotton-blue some cells of mantle with blue contents, in NH3 rhizomorph cell walls darken.

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