Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee + Pinus

Literature

• references
	Zambonelli A, TIBILETTI E, Pisi A (1997) Caratterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee su Pinus pinea L. e Quercus cerris L. Micol Ital 28(1): 29-36.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0.9 mm	Minimum value
1.8 mm	Mean (= average)
3.1 mm	Maximum value
• ramification presence-type
	absent
or	dichotomous
• main axis diameter
0.18 mm	Minimum value
0.43 mm	Mean (= average)
0.72 mm	Maximum value
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
• length
0.42 mm	Minimum value
1.2 mm	Mean (= average)
3 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.24 mm	Minimum value
0.4 mm	Mean (= average)
0.66 mm	Maximum value
• colour
	brown
• very tip colour
	brownish
or	whitish
• older parts colour
	black
or	dark brown
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	smooth
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely long-spiny
or	loosely long-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	concentrated distally

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	angular
• mantle type
	angular cells (type L)
• pores between cells presence
	absent
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell density
9	Minimum value
10	Mean (= average)
12	Maximum value
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall projections presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell density
11	Minimum value
13.8	Mean (= average)
17	Maximum value

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• septa clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
13 µm	Minimum value
25.6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27.8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
58.3 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3.1 µm	Minimum value
6.3 µm	Mean (= average)
10.3 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.1 µm	Minimum value
8.3 µm	Mean (= average)
14.4 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.1 µm	Minimum value
4.9 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.1 µm	Minimum value
8.3 µm	Mean (= average)
14.4 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.1 µm	Minimum value
4.9 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
3	Maximum value
• tangentially length
24.8 µm	Minimum value
47.8 µm	Mean (= average)
101 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
8.2 µm	Minimum value
21.3 µm	Mean (= average)
41.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20.6 µm	Minimum value
39.8 µm	Mean (= average)
82.4 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10.3 µm	Minimum value
17.4 µm	Mean (= average)
72.1 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2.1 µm	Minimum value
3.7 µm	Mean (= average)
5.2 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2.1 µm	Minimum value
5.7 µm	Mean (= average)
12.4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.1 µm	Minimum value
6.5 µm	Mean (= average)
14.4 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.1 µm	Minimum value
4.2 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.1 µm	Minimum value
5.8 µm	Mean (= average)
12.4 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.1 µm	Minimum value
3.6 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.1 µm	Minimum value
5.8 µm	Mean (= average)
12.4 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.1 µm	Minimum value
3.6 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• tangentially length
30.9 µm	Minimum value
38.6 µm	Mean (= average)
61.8 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
8.2 µm	Minimum value
18.4 µm	Mean (= average)
43.3 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30.9 µm	Minimum value
35.4 µm	Mean (= average)
45.3 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20.6 µm	Minimum value
33.4 µm	Mean (= average)
43.3 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
4.1 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
4.1 µm	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
	medial
• branches ramification presence
	present
• diameter {proximal}
2 µm	Minimum value
3.7 µm	Mean (= average)
10.3 µm	Maximum value
• diameter {distal}
2.1 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Mean (= average)
8.2 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall colour
	yellowish

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4.3 µm	Mean (= average)
6.1 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
21.3 µm	Minimum value
36.6 µm	Mean (= average)
45.7 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
	present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
	two-needle-pines

Fungus

• family
	Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes
	Mycorrhizal ends rusty-brown to siena-brown, older parts rusty-brown to black; outer mantle layers in plan view with angular to irregularly roundish cells; mantle in brillant-cresyl-blue blue, in toluidin-blue blue.

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