Fagirhiza entolomoides + Fagus

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Literature

references
  di Marino E, Montecchio L, Agerer R (2008) “Fagirhiza entolomoides” + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 49-57.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  present
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures position
  not specific
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  absent [as short conical structures]
or    present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0.5 mm    Minimum value
4 mm    Mean (= average)
5 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.25 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Mean (= average)
colour
  whitish [with pinkish hue due to root colour]
very tip colour
  brownish [with pinkish hue due to root colour]
mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely stringy
or    densely long-spiny [due to conical rhizomorphs]
emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.005 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.065 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.09 mm    Maximum value
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    whitish
ramification kind-frequency
  apparently unramified
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
origin location
  not specific
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  smooth
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
hyphal net clamps presence
  not applicable
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
matrix kind
  gelatinous [slightly]
hyphal system kind
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Mean (= average)
8 µm    Maximum value
cell length
11 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
septa clamps presence
  present
cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
40 µm    Minimum value
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
140 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
68 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
2.9     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
or    patchy, nest-like
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
or    infrequently lobed
lobes width
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
contents presence-kind
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [very slightly blue; rhizomorph margin stronger]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [very slightly yellowish; rhizomorph margin stronger]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [very slightly yellowish; rhizomorph lacking]

Chemical reactions

reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [slightly bluish]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FEA presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [slightly bluish (if root cells?)]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in organic layer
soil pH
  pH 6 - 7
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Fagus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Entolomataceae

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