Fagirhiza entolomoides + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  di Marino E, Montecchio L, Agerer R (2008) “Fagirhiza entolomoides” + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 49-57.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
• main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  present
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures position
  not specific
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent [as short conical structures]
or    present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0.5 mm    Minimum value
4 mm    Mean (= average)
5 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.25 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Mean (= average)
• colour
  whitish [with pinkish hue due to root colour]
• very tip colour
  brownish [with pinkish hue due to root colour]
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely stringy
or    densely long-spiny [due to conical rhizomorphs]
• emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.005 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.065 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.09 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    whitish
• ramification kind-frequency
  apparently unramified
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  smooth
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
• hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
• hyphal net clamps presence
  not applicable
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  gelatinous [slightly]
• hyphal system kind
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Mean (= average)
8 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
11 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• septa clamps presence
  present
• cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
40 µm    Minimum value
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
140 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
68 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
2.9     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
or    patchy, nest-like
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
or    infrequently lobed
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
• lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [very slightly blue; rhizomorph margin stronger]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [very slightly yellowish; rhizomorph margin stronger]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [very slightly yellowish; rhizomorph lacking]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [slightly bluish]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FEA presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [slightly bluish (if root cells?)]
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• soil pH
  pH 6 - 7
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Entolomataceae

– Item listing –