| • references | |
| Airaudi D, Filipello Marchisio V, Luppi Mosca AM (1994) Ectomycorrhiza types in Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Allionia 32: 65-76. Froidevaux L (1973) The ectomycorrhizal association, Alnus rubra + Lactarius obscuratus. Can J For Res 3: 601-603. Miller SL, Koo CD (1991) Characterization of red alder ectomycorrhizae: a preface to monitoring belowground ecological responses. Can J Bot 69: 516-531. Pritsch K (1996) Untersuchungen zur Diversität und Ökologie von Mykorrhizen der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) Diss Univ Tübingen. Pritsch K, Munch JC, Buscot F (1997) Morphological and anatomical characterization of black alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ectomycorrhizas. Mycorrhiza 7: 201-216. |
|
| • length | |
| 20 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| absent | |
| or | monopodial-pinnate |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.4 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | sinuous |
| or | tortuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.4 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 1 mm | Maximum value |
| • colour | |
| brown | |
| or | ochre, yellowish brown |
| or | yellow |
| or | orange |
| • older parts colour | |
| brown | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| shiny | |
| or | smooth |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • diameter | |
| 0.005 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.03 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • location | |
| middle mantle layer | |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • ramification presence-abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| middle mantle layer | |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
| epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously yellowish | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall with globular thickenings | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| periepidermal | |
| or | paraepidermal |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| round | |
| or | radially-oval to -elliptic |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 16 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| epimembranaceously yellowish | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| with soil particles | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • type | |
| lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G) |
|
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| present | |
| • {occurence in} humus type | |
| mull | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| or | North America |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Betulaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Alnus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Lactarius sect. Russulares | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal ends yellow brownish, older parts dull-brown to bronze and injured parts with rusty patches, at most slsightly tortuous; outer mantle layers in plan view with homogeneous, yellow cell wall appositions; emanating hyphae rarely with yellow wall appositions, with few clamps; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter pale yellowish olive; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with violet to dark purple latex, in KOH yellow, in FeSO4 bluish grey, in H2SO4 conc yellow, in NH4OH green, in chloro-vanillin purple, in pyrgallol violet, in sulfo-formol orange. | |