Boletus edulis Bull. : Fr. + Picea

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R, Gronbach E (1990) Boletus edulis. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 36, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Franz F, Acker G (1995) Rhizomorphs of Picea abies ectomycorrhizae: Ultrastructural aspects and element analysis (EELS and ESI) on hyphal inclusisons. Nova Hedwigia 60 (1-2): 253-267.
Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-217.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.6 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  white
• older parts colour
  white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  forming rings (reticulate)
• emanating hyphae presence
  absent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    whitish
or    white
• ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  proximal
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
and    thicker than walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm    Minimum value
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
20 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
51.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
63.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
2.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
25 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
39.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
36.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.5     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
or    three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  dolipore-like structures
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  round
• diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• distance {between each other}
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  known

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Boletaceae
• subfamily
  Boletaceae subf. Boletoideae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter whitish-blue, with blue-filter whitish-ochre; mantle in brillant-cresyl-blue with bluish-violet walls, in toluidin-blue walls and cytoplasm violet-blue.

– Item listing –