"Tsugaerhiza tripigmentata" + Tsuga

Literature

• references
	Agerer R (1998) Tsugaerhiza tripigmentata. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 140, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Agerer R, Trappe JM (1997) "Tsugaerhiza tripigmentatat" + Tsuga heterophylla (Rafin.) Sarg. Descr Ectomyc 2: 85-89.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
or	monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
	abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.45 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	abundant

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	sinuous
or	tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.33 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.45 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	lilac, light reddish blue
• older parts colour
	brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
or	abundant

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• cross-section shape
	flat
• colour
	lilac, light reddish blue
• ramification kind-frequency
	repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
	oblique
• origin location
	not specific
or	distal
or	proximal
• margin habit
	hairy

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	inner mantle layer

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
and	membranaceously yellowish
and	membranaceously brownish
and	plasmatically yellowish
and	vacuolarly lilac, light reddish blue
• cell contents presence-kind
	{in some cells} homogeneous, brownish
• cell diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
55 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	present

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
	colourless
or	membranaceously yellowish
or	membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
or	ring-like
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
or	membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
3.5 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
90 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
100 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
155 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
121 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
16.6	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
83 µm	Minimum value
115 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
250 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
320 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm	Minimum value
17 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
176 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
8.8	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
0.5 µm	Minimum value
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Minimum value
2	Mean (= average)
3	Maximum value
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• septal pores configuration
	dolipore-like structures
or	globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
	present
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
	as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	as thick as
• anastomoses location
	not specified

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	acute
• distance {from septum}
	adjacent to septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	present
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
	thinner than
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
	as a semicircle
or	more than a semicircle
or	not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
	as broad as
or	broader than
• clamps hole presence
	absent
or	present
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
45 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
125 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
150 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	thinner
or	as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged (type D)
• nodia presence
	absent
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
or	present
• ampullate inflations thickness
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
or	present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
or	present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
or	present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
or	present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
7.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present
• reaction with guaiac presence
	present
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	present
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	North America

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Tsuga
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal systems frequently irregularly ramified; inner mantle layer in plan view at most in outlines ring-like; outer mantle layer of very tip with frequently hyphae filled homogeneously with yellowish-brown substances; emanating hyphae vacuolarly lilac; rhizomorphs with very infrequent ampullate hyphae; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter slightly blue, with blue-filter slightly yellowish green, with green-filter slightly reddish; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with some hyphae showing reddish brown contents, in KOH distinctly yellowish brown, in guaiac blue, in FeSO4 distinctly green, in lactic acid vacuolar pigment dissolving, in brillant-cresyl-blue cell walls slightly greenish, in cotton-blue cell walls slightly bluish.

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