Elaphomyces aculeatus Tul. + Quercus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Agerer R (1999) Elaphomyces aculeatus Tul. + Quercus robur L. Descr Ectomyc 4: 37-41.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [mostly unramified]
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Maximum value
abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Mean (= average)
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs presence
  absent
exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    inflated, club-shaped [slightly]
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  reddish
very tip colour
  reddish
older parts colour
  brown [reddish]
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
or    densely short-spiny
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae arranged net-like, repeatedly and squarrosely branched (type E)
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
and    ca. 90°
and    ca. 120°
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  plasmatically red
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  rough
and    with many soil particles
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish [to orange]
or    plasmatically reddish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely short-celled plectenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous with irregularly shaped cells]
or    pseudoparenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  unknown
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
calyptra cell remnants type
  in one row
or    in two rows
or    close to root cells
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable [only at some patches discernible]
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
6 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
39 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
67 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
9.8 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type [weakly ramified]
lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  unknown
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  absent
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
anastomoses location
  close to hyphal tips
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  straight
cell pigment location-colour
  vacuolarly red
pigment presence-distribution
  not applicable
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts [only proximally]
or    with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
or    as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  uneven in thickness


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  present [only proximally]
length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} frequency
  occasionally present
{of foreign origin} formed by genus
  unknown
shape
  globular
diameter
3 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish througout]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [yellowish green throughout]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red throughout]

Chemical reactions

reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%: pigment slowly changing to orange later to yellow-orange]
or    present
reaction with lactic acid presence
  present [pigment yellow-orange]

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Quercus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Elaphomycetaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous

– Item listing –