Gyrodon lividus (Bull.) Quel. + Alnus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R, Treu R (1993) Gyrodon lividus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 76, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Agerer R, Waller K, Treu R (1993) Die Ektomykorrhizen und Sklerotien von Gyrodon lividus. Z Mykol 59: 131-140.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
or    abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    white
• very tip colour
  whitish
• older parts colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
or    orange
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  brownish
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  brown
or    whitish
• ramification kind-frequency
  infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  not specific
or    proximal
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  present
• abundance
  infrequent
• shape
  globular
• diameter
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellow
or    white
• formation location
  on the mantle
or    laterally on rhizomorphs

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    occasional patches of roundish cells on the mantle (type F)
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
and    epimembranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
15 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
17 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
18 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
19 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
12 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.5     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep
or    apparently one and a half row deep
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously brownish
• pigment presence-distribution
  only distal
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  present


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    less than a semicircle
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    inflated
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
or    moderately thicker


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  present
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of sclerotia
• internal structure organisation
  plectenchymatous throughout
or    outer layer plectenchymatous, center pseudoparenchymatous
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
• shape
  globular
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
or    oval
• diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [reddish brown]

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Alnus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Boletaceae
• subfamily
  Boletaceae subf. Gyrodontoideae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter slightly creme, with blue-filter yellow orange, with green-filter red; mantle in sulfo-vanillin reddish brown.

– Item listing –