"Alnirhiza violacea" + Alnus

Literature

• references
	Pritsch K (1996) Untersuchungen zur Diversität und Ökologie von Mykorrhizen der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.). Diss Univ Tübingen. Pritsch K, Munch JC, Buscot F (1997) Morphological and anatomical characterization of black alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ectomycorrhizas. Mycorrhiza 7: 201-216.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• ramification presence-type
	absent
• ramification orders
0	Mean (= average)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	abundant

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	bent
or	sinuous
or	tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.35 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	red
or	violet, dark reddish blue
or	white
• older parts colour
	brown
or	red
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
or	covered with soil particles
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely woolly
or	densely cottony
or	loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
	round or roundish
or	flat
• colour
	concolourous to mantle
• ramification kind-frequency
	repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
	oblique
• origin location
	not specific
or	distal
or	proximal
• margin habit
	hairy

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	middle mantle layer
or	inner mantle layer

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• cell diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
	plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• septa clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
40 µm	Minimum value
50 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
110 µm	Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
50 µm	Mean (= average)
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
or	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	paraepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• septal pores configuration
	dolipore-like structures
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	plasmatically yellowish

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	acute
or	approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
	adjacent to septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	present

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
250 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
1 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged (type D)
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	present, not specified
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe

Tree

• plant family
	Betulaceae
• plant genus
	Alnus
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes
	Mycorrhizal ends whitish with violet to purple shades, older parts rust-like, purplish, brownish; middle and inner mantle layers in plan view with cells possessing folded walls.

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