Lactarius deliciosus L. : Fr. + Pinus

Literature

Agerer R (1995) Anatomical characteristics of identified ectomycorrhizas: an attempt towards a natural classification. In Varma AK, Hock B (eds.) Mycorrhiza: Structure, function, molecular biology and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 685-734.
Huang ZJ (1990) Studies on classification and physiology of the ectomycorrhizae of some Pinus species. Diss Univ, Peking.
Riffle JW (1973) Pure culture synthesis of ectoMycorrhizae on Pinus ponderosa with species of Amanita, Suillus and Lactarius. For Sci 19(4): 242-280.
Uhl M (1988) Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Ektomykorrhizen an Pinus silvestris und von Ektomykorrhizen aus der Gattung Tricholoma. Diss Uni München

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	dichotomous
or	coralloid
• abundance
	solitary or in small numbers
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	infrequent

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	brown
or	yellow
or	red
• very tip colour
	yellow
• older parts colour
	dark brown
or	brown
or	green
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
	present
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
	orange
• mantle dots presence-colour
	yellowish or greenish
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
	absent

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	concolourous to mantle
or	brown
or	yellow
or	orange
or	green
• connection to mantle kind
	distinct
• margin habit
	smooth

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	present
• location
	middle mantle layer
or	rhizomorphs
• shape
	straight and even
• ramification presence-abundance
	abundant
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Maximum value

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or	middle mantle layer

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
and	plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
or	plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
25.7 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.5	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	radially-oval to -elliptic
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
27 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.9	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
or	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangential length TCt
24 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.3	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
31.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.1	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B)
or	slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged (type C)
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
• diameter
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of siderophilous granulations

• presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	present
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	present
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Asia
or	Europe
or	North America

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
	two-needle-pines
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
	Lactarius sect. Dapetes
• fruitbodies growth habit
	epigeous
or	pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes

Latificers with septa also in greater distance than 35 um; rhizomorph laticifers up to 7 um thick; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter blue, with blue-filter yellowish; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with dark brown, granular laticfers, in FeSO4 laticifers dirty yellow, in brillant-cresyl-blue mantle blue, laticifers greenish, in formol mantle grey, laticifers dirty yellow, in anilin mantle greyish-brown; distance of nuclei variable.

– Item listing –