Lactarius deterrimus Gröger + Picea

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– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R (1986) Studies on ectomycorrhizae III. Mycorrhizae formed by four fungi in the genera Lactarius and Russula on spruce. Mycotaxon 27: 1-59.
Agerer R (1987) Lactarius deterrimus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 3, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Franz F (1994) Ektomykorrhizen der Fichte: Identifizierung, Ultrastruktur und Microelementanalyse (EELS, ESI). Diss Univ Bayreuth.
Franz F, Acker G (1995) Rhizomorphs of Picea abies ectomycorrhizae: Ultrastructural aspects and elemental analysis (EELS and ESI) on hyphal inclusions. Nova Hedwigia 60(1-2): 253-267.
Münzenberger B, Metzler B, Kottke I, Oberwinkler F (1986) Morphologische und anatomische Charakterisierung der Mykorrhiza Lactarius deterrimus - Picea abies in vitro. Z Mykol 52(2): 407-422.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
or    bent
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.32 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.52 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.65 mm    Maximum value
• colour
  orange
• very tip colour
  orange
• older parts colour
  brown
or    orange
or    green
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  present
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  orange
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  smooth
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  orange
or    green
• ramification kind-frequency
  infrequently, at restricted points
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  present
• location
  middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
or    rhizomorphs
• shape
  straight and even
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  plasmatically yellowish
and    vacuolarly yellowish
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
or    discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3     Maximum value
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
or    one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• laticifers diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
or    differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
• presence
  absent
Ultrastructure
• septal pores type
  as dolipores with perforated parenthesome

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present

Ecology

• {occurence in} humus type
  raw humus
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
  Lactarius sect. Dapetes
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Laticifers without septa; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter blue and laticifers distinctly blue, with blue-filter greenish and laticifers distinctly green; mantle in sulfo-vanillin in general red-brown and laticifers with dark granules, in KOH ochre-orange, especially laticifers, in brillant-cresyl-blue bluish-green and laticifers conspicuously so, in toluidin-blue violet-blue, in cotton-blue slightly blue, in a-naphthol no reaction, in NH4OH ochre-orange and particularly laticifers, in chlorazol-black slightly bluish green, in erythrosin reddish, in fast-green green; nuclei lying close togehter.

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