| • references | |
| Pillukat A (1996) Lactarius salmonicolor R. Heim & Leclair + Abies alba Mill. Descr Ectomyc 1: 59-64. Pillukat A (1998) Lactarius salmonicolor. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 122, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Eberhardt U, Verbeken A, Rinaldi AC, Pacioni G, Comandini O (2000) Lactarius ectomycorrhizae on Abies alba: morphological description, molecular characterization, and taxonomic remarks. Mycologia 92(5): 860-873. [Eberhardt et al. (2000): laticifers of more homogeneous diameter (5-9 µm) and with rather thin walls; mantle only 30-40 µm thick; otherwise no evident differences to Pillukat (1996)] |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 19 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| • tips {per 10 mm} number | |
| 5 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 14 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| abundant, dense | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.45 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.6 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 1 mm | Maximum value |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| or | tortuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.4 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.45 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.55 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.6 mm | Maximum value |
| • colour | |
| brown | |
| or | orange |
| • very tip colour | |
| yellowish | |
| or | orange |
| or | whitish |
| • older parts colour | |
| brown | |
| or | green |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| present | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit | |
| orange | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| shiny | |
| or | smooth |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| • colour | |
| concolourous to mantle | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| frequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| not specific | |
| or | proximal |
| • margin habit | |
| smooth | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • location | |
| outer mantle layer | |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • shape | |
| straight and even | |
| • ramification presence-abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 4.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 13 µm | Maximum value |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C) | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphal system kind | |
| undifferentiated | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, not constricted at septa | |
| and | cylindric, constricted at septa |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.9 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Minimum value |
| 40 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 70 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 80 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 75 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 120 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • radially diameter | |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| rectangular | |
| or | tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 70 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 110 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 22 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net | |
| or | in two rows, not reaching endodermis |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • type | |
| highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F) |
|
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Abies | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Lactarius sect. Dapetes | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal ends slightly bent and in dense clusters even tortuous, light orange to copper-brown, very tips whitish to yellowish orange, older parts green to brown-olive, whole mycorrhiza turning dark green with age; rhizomorphs transparent when young, older ones coloured like mantle, turning green with age; outer mantle layers in plan view with short protrusions of hyphae; laticifers with 0.2-1.8 um thick cell walls; inner mantle layers in plan view with slightly agglutinated hyphae; rhizomorph peripheral hyphae with short protrusions; in longitudinal section 2-4 of 4-5 layers of cortical cells with Hartig net; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter slightly bluish and laticifers brighter blue, with blue-filter slightly yellowish and laticifers brighter yellow, with green-filter slightly reddish and laticifers brighter red; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with black laticifer contents, in lactic acid contents of laticifers may form light-reflecting crystals, in water mantle of very fresh and young mycorrhizae may stain grey, reaction reversible with lactic acid. | |