"Piceirhiza chordata" + Picea

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– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-217.
Gronbach E (1989) Piceirhiza chordata. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 28, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.- Weiss M (1988) Ectomykorrhizen von Picea abies. Synthese, Ontogenie und Reaktion auf Umeltschafdstoffe. Diss Univ München.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
6     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.9 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  tapering
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    orange
• very tip colour
  brown
or    orange
or    whitish
• older parts colour
  dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
or    visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  concentrated proximally
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  irregular
• mantle type
  angular cells (type L)
and    epidermoid cells (type M)
• pores between cells presence
  absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
3     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• cell wall projections presence
  present
• cell wall projections abundance
  infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
  even in thickness
and    thicker at distal end
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
or    membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
3     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
or    plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
5     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
25 µm    Minimum value
45 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
59.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
4.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
32 µm    Minimum value
55 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
76.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
4.1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
18 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
31 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
1.9     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
26.9 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
or    three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• septal pores configuration
  dolipore-like structures
or    globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
or    approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped
• distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
or    one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
or    with ellbow-like protrusions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  ramified
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
12 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
or    as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness
or    uneven in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
• diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• distance {between each other}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  present
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pyramidal, unramified ends almost straight, orange-brown to brown, very tips orange-brown to colourless; outer mantle layers in plan view with irregularly round to longish-oval or almost epidermoid cells; emanating hyphae light ochre to yellowish green; tannin cells in cross-section irregularly shaped; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter whitish blue, with blue-filter whitish yellow to ochre; mantle in lactic acid with ochre walls, in brillant-cresyl-blue walls yellow-green, with cotton-blue walls yellowish green, with phenole walls yellowish.

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