"Piceirhiza gelatinosa" + Picea

Literature

Berg B (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. Diss Univ München.
Berg B, Gronboach E (1989) Piceirhiza gelatinosa. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 30, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Franz F (1994) Ektomykorrhizen der Fichte: Identifizierung, Ultrastruktur und Mikroelementanalyse (EELS, ESI). Diss Univ Bayreuth.
Gronbach E, Agerer R (1986) Charakterisierung und Inventur der Fichten-Mykorrhizen im Höglwald und deren Reaktion auf saure Beregnung. Forstwiss Cbl 105: 329-335.
Haug I (1987) Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Mykorrhizen von Fichtenbeständen im Schwarzwald. Diss Univ Tübingen.
Haug I (1989) Intercellular infection in the meristematic region of Piceirhiza gelatinosa mycorrhizas. New Phytol 111: 203-207.
Haug I, Oberwinkler F (1987) Some distinctive types of spruce mycorrhizae. Trees 1: 172-188.
Haug I, Pritsch K (1992) Ectomycorrhizal types of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Black Forest. A microscopical atlas. Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	absent
• ramification orders
0	Mean (= average)
• abundance
	solitary or in small numbers
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	contact

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
or	bent
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
or	tapering
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Minimum value
0.45 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.9 mm	Maximum value
• colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
or	yellow
or	white
• very tip colour
	dark brown
or	white
or	whitish
• older parts colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
or	yellow
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	shiny
or	smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or	outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip}
or	middle mantle layer
or	inner mantle layer

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
and	gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
• matrix kind
	gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
	meandering
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
and	ampullate at both sides of septum
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, ring-like
• cell pigment location-colour
	colourless
• cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	ring-like
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
	gelatinous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
23 µm	Minimum value
32 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
72 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
26 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
53.6 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
4.5	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm	Minimum value
25 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
37.9 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.4	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	two
or	several
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3	Maximum value
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
72 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
26 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
57 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
4.8	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
65 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
47.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.8	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
or	three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
or	two
or	several
• lobes width
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	wavy
or	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	present
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
	less than a semicircle
or	not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
	thinner than
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• abundance
	infrequent
• distribution
	not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
or	oval
• diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Ultrastructure

• septal pores type
	as dolipores with perforated parenthesome
• mantle matrix presence-kind
	transparent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	present
• reaction with anilin presence
	present
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	present
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
	present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Picea
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal ends rarely slightly bent, slightly yellowish, light yellow, sometimes amost white, older parts yellowish to ochre; inner mantle layers with labyrinthic pattern; in longitudinal section cortical cells roundish to tangentially-oval; lobes of Hartig net in plan view septate; cortical cells in cross-section roundish to tangentially-oval; in meristematic regions foreign intercellular hyphae may occur; autofluorescence of mantle with UV-filter whitish blue, with blue-filter yellowish green, with green-filter red; mantle with brillant-cresyl-blue blue and cytoplasm light violet, with toluidine blue cytoplasm violet blue and matrix violet blue, with anilin cell walls slightly greyish, with acid fuchsin cytoplasm light rosy, with ruthenium red cytoplasm light rosy and cell walls slightly greyish; nuclei two and more, close together but also distant.

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