"Piceirhiza obscura" + Picea

Literature

Berg B (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. Diss Univ München.
Buscot F (1994) Ectomycorrhizal types and endobacteria associated with ectomcorrhizas of Morchella elata (Fr.) Boudier with Picea abies (L.) Karst. Mycorrhiza 4: 223-232.
Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenwald mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-217.
Gronbach E, Berg B (1988) Piceirhiza obscura. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 20, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
1.6 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
or	monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
or	bent
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
or	inflated, club-shaped
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	black
or	dark brown
or	brown
• very tip colour
	dark brown
or	brown
or	brownish
• older parts colour
	black
or	dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	glistening
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely grainy or warty
or	loosely grainy or warty
or	loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed
or	concentrated distally

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer
• blue granules presence
	present
• blue granules location
	outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
	epidermoid cells (type M)
• mound cells diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
9 µm	Minimum value
25 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
42 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
3	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8	Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall surface habit
	with few crystals
• cell wall projections presence
	present
• cell wall projections abundance
	infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
	thicker at distal end
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent
• blue granules location
	on cell surface

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
or	pseudoparenchymatous

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
or	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
or	pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
4	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
12 µm	Minimum value
23 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
35 µm	Mean (= average)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
30 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
110 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
66.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.9	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.7	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
130 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Minimum value
13 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
76.4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
83.8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.3	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
26 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
17 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
44.6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.2	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
16 µm	Minimum value
27 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Minimum value
13 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
33.8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36.4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.3	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	present

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
	absent
• septa presence
	present
• septa kind
	simple
• diameter {proximal}
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
25 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
	brownish
• cell wall thickness
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
	thicker
• cell wall evenness
	even in thickness
• surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
or	membranaceously brownish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	approximately 90°
or	Y-shaped
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	ramified
or	tortuous, screw-like
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
10 µm	Minimum value
50 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
130 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	rough of warts
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Minimum value
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	thinner
or	as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
	occasionally present
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent
• shape
	globular

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3	Maximum value
• shape
	round
• diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Ultrastructure

• septal pores type
	as dolipores with perforated parenthesome
• mantle matrix presence-kind
	dark

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	absent
or	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
or	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
or	present
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
or	present
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Picea
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal ends straight or slightly bent, sometimes inflated at tip; outer mantle layers in plan view pseudoparenchymatous with epidermoid cells bearing heaps of cells; cystidia very infrequent; emanating hyphae with inflated basal cells of (5-)10-18(-25) um diam.; autofluorescence of mantle in section with blue-filter slightly orange-brown; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with violet walls, in KOH walls greenish and total preparation olive, in brillant-cresyl-blue walls violet, in cotton-blue walls greenish brown, in phenol walls olive-brown; nuclei in pseudoparenchymatous layers of mantle solitary of 2-3(-5) um diam., in plectenchymatous layers 2 to several of 1-1.5 um diam., in emanating hyphae 1 to several of 2-3(-4) um diam..

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