Tricholoma sciodes (Secr.) Mart. + Fagus

Literature

• references
	Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229. Brand (1992) Tricholoma sciodes. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 74, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
8	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	abundant
• exploration type
	medium distance fringe

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
or	bent
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.25 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
or	red
or	white
• very tip colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
or	reddish
or	whitish
• older parts colour
	brown
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
or	smooth
or	covered with soil particles
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
or	abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• ramification kind-frequency
	repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
	oblique
• origin location
	not specific
or	proximal
• margin habit
	hairy
or	fan-like
• dimorphism presence
	absent

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell shape
	cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
and	rough
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
	colourless
• cell diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm	Minimum value
35 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
43 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.25	Minimum value
0.4	Mean (= average)
0.6	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	radially-oval to -elliptic
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
9 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
11 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.5	Minimum value
0.8	Mean (= average)
1.1	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	absent
• septal pores configuration
	dolipore-like structures
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
	absent
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	thinner
or	as thick as

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	acute
• distance {from septum}
	adjacent to septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent
• clamps hole presence
	absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	rough of warts
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter (type A)
• gelatinous matrix presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
	occasionally present
• shape
	as small racemes
• diameter
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
4	Maximum value
• shape
	round
or	elongated
• diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	absent
• reaction with sudan III presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• substrate
	in organic layer
• soil pH
	acid reaction
• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Fagaceae
• plant genus
	Fagus
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Tricholomataceae
• subgenus-section
	Tricholoma subg. Tricholoma
• fruitbodies growth habit
	epigeous
or	pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
	Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pyramidal; mycorrhizal ends infrequently slightly bent, light ochre to rosy-brown and often at patches of rhizomorph bases slightly white; in longitudinal section Hartig net 1-2 cortical cell layers deep, in cross-section 2-3; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter bluish-white, with blue-filter slightly greenish yellow.

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