Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee + Quercus

Literature

• references
	Comanini O, Pacioni G (1997) Mycorrhizae of Asian black truffles, Tuber himalayense and T. indicum. Mycotaxon 63: 77-86. Zambonelli A, Tibiletti E, Pisi A (1997) Caratterizzazione anatomo-morphologica delle micorrize di Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee su Pinus pinea L. e Quercus cerris L. Micol Ital 28(1): 29-36.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.3 mm	Maximum value
• ramification presence-type
	absent
or	monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.12 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.42 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
or	inflated, club-shaped
• length
0.15 mm	Minimum value
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.9 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1.6 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.12 mm	Minimum value
0.15 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.54 mm	Maximum value
• colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
• older parts colour
	black
or	dark brown
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	smooth
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely long-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	concentrated distally

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	angular
• mantle type
	angular cells (type L)
and	epidermoid cells (type M)
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
8 µm	Minimum value
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
7	Minimum value
8.1	Mean (= average)
9	Maximum value
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell density
8	Minimum value
10.8	Mean (= average)
15	Maximum value

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	ring-like
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
3 µm	Minimum value
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
42 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
10.3 µm	Minimum value
15.2 µm	Mean (= average)
24.8 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4.1 µm	Minimum value
5.6 µm	Mean (= average)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
24.8 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
4.1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
24.8 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
52.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
59.7 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12.4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	rectangular
or	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37.1 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
51.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
20	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.1 µm	Minimum value
7.2 µm	Mean (= average)
12.4 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.1 µm	Minimum value
5.6 µm	Mean (= average)
8.2 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1.5 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12.4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8.2 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1.5 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12.4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
33.6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
41.2 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
41.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12.4 µm	Minimum value
17 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
47.4 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32.1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
47.4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
1 µm	Minimum value
3.3 µm	Mean (= average)
5.2 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm	Minimum value
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.1 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
or	two

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
	medial
• branches ramification presence
	present
• septa presence
	present
• septa kind
	simple
• diameter {proximal}
1.7 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8.2 µm	Maximum value
• diameter {distal}
1.7 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.2 µm	Maximum value
• length
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
300 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
	yellowish
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
	thinner

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
5.5 µm	Mean (= average)
9.7 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
42.7 µm	Minimum value
63.3 µm	Mean (= average)
76.2 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
	present

Ecology

• soil pH
	pH 6 - 7
• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Fagaceae
• plant genus
	Quercus

Fungus

• family
	Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal systems are mentioned as dichotomous in Q. cerris (Zambonelli et al. 1997); mycorrhizal ends smooth in older parts, ochraceous-amber, very tips light ochraceous-amber, older parts rusty to black; outer mantle layers in plan view with slightly roundish cells with an irregular perimeter and in addition more elongated cells, or irregularly polygonal with rounded corners; cystidia with frequent recto-like ramifications, septa 25-35 um distant, distal ends bent; in longitudinal section Hartig net 1-4 cortical cell layers deep (Quercus cerris: Zambonelli et al. 1997), in cross-section 1-6; mantle in brillant-cresyl-blue and toluidin-blue blue.

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