Xerocomus subtomentosus (L. : Fr.) Quel. + Quercus

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– Enlarged view –

Literature

references
  Palfner G (1995) Xerocomus subtomentosus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 90, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Palfner G, Agerer R (1995) Sind die Ektomykorrhizen von Xerocomus subtomentosus und X. armeniacus anatomisch unterscheidbar? Z Mykol 61(1): 45-58.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
1.4 mm    Minimum value
3.4 mm    Mean (= average)
7.6 mm    Maximum value
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Minimum value
0.4 mm    Mean (= average)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.3 mm    Mean (= average)
0.4 mm    Maximum value
colour
  yellow
or    white
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  forming rings (reticulate)
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  yellow
or    yellowish
ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
or    infrequently, at restricted points
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
origin location
  not specific
or    proximal
margin habit
  smooth
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
and    as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    plasmatically yellowish
cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
7 µm    Maximum value
cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
28 µm    Mean (= average)
46 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  rough
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
18 µm    Mean (= average)
40 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  rough
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value
cell length
4 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Mean (= average)
35 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
12 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Mean (= average)
50 µm    Maximum value
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Mean (= average)
48 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Mean (= average)
26 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
15 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Mean (= average)
20 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
35 µm    Minimum value
51 µm    Mean (= average)
60 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.24     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Mean (= average)
48 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Mean (= average)
26 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
15 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent
shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Mean (= average)
11 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
7 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Mean (= average)
20 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  apparently one and a half row deep
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
nodia presence
  present
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  present
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
shape
  round
diameter
1.2 µm    Minimum value
1.4 µm    Mean (= average)
1.6 µm    Maximum value
length
1.2 µm    Minimum value
1.4 µm    Mean (= average)
1.6 µm    Maximum value
distance {between each other}
0 µm    Minimum value
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
1.6 µm    Maximum value

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  present
reaction with anilin presence
  present
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  present
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  present
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  present
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  present
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in organic layer
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Quercus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Boletaceae
subfamily
  Boletaceae subf. Xerocomoideae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal ends lemon-yellow or whitish yellow due to silvery appearance, where air between mantle hyphae displaced by water brownish root colour visible; rhizomorphs lemon-yellow to whitish yellow; tips of short mantle hyphae sometimes somewhat cystidia-like inflated; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter with some mantle cells (solitary or in groups) distinctly whitish to light grey, with blue-filter the same cells yellowish white or yellow-brown; mantle in KOH light brown, in guaiac inner mantle layers grey, in FeSO4 grey-green to yellowish, in brillant-cresyl-blue blue, in cotton-blue green-blue, in phenole-aniline inner mantle layers grey, in phenole inner mantle layers grey, in aniline inner mantle layers grey, in acid fuchsin dark reddish to lilac, in ruthenium red grey-brown to tobacco-brown, in safranine deeply red.

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