Balsamia alba Harkness + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Palfner G, Agerer R (1998) Balsamia alba Harkness + Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Descr Ectomyc 3: 1-6.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
  unknown
abundance
  unknown
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.7 mm    Maximum value
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  absent
exploration type
  contact
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
shape
  straight
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering [to slightly tapering]
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
colour
  brown [reddish brown]
very tip colour
  whitish
after injury colour
  unknown
older parts colour
  dark brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  unknown
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  not applicable
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  incomplete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  present
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    completely irregularly shaped
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously brownish
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  absent
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [with Hartig net like structures]
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle [but mantle lacking, apart from some scattered hyphae running towards the tip]
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
0 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0 µm    Mean (= average)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
44 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
58 µm    Maximum value
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
2     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4     Maximum value
shape
  rectangular [polyognal or flat]
tangentially length
22 µm    Minimum value
26 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
radially diameter
6 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
31 µm    Maximum value
mean tangenial length TCt
1.5 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Mean (= average)
8.2 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular [to isodiametrical]
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
39 µm    Minimum value
44 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
83 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
89 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
22 µm    Minimum value
26 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
48 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.1     Minimum value
1.9     Mean (= average)
3.3     Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis [showing occasional gaps]
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
calyptra cell remnants kind
  close to root cells

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  present
tangentially length
11 µm    Minimum value
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
61 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
8 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
33 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
44 µm    Maximum value
mean shape-ratio TCq
0.4     Minimum value
1.6     Mean (= average)
3.3     Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
28 µm    Minimum value
33 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
72 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
83 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
28 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
61 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
67 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.5     Minimum value
1.4     Mean (= average)
2.5     Maximum value

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  unknown
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
anastomoses type
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  tortuous
or    irregularly inflated or even beaded
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped
distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  as thick as main part of branch

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
or    inflated, ampullate, trumpet-like at both sides
or    inflated at middle parts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    ramified
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
6 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
33 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
48 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  uneven in thickness


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  consistently present
shape
  as normal hyphae [repeatedly ramified]
diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Maximum value

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [mantle and Hartig net hyphae dull yellowish brown, thin substrate hyphae brighter, greyish white or yellowish white, walls of tannin cells bright blue]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  dextrinoid
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  absent [? Blue staining hyphae belong possibly to a foreign fungus]

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  North America
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Balsamiaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous
or    gastroid

DNA-Analysis

PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
4     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
360     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
350     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 3. band from below number
180     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 4. band from below number
115     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
2     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
780     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
310     Mean (= average)

Remarks

public notes
  EcoRI: 800 bp, 320 bp; TaqI: 550 bp, 310 bp, 200 bp

– Item listing –