Cortinarius helodes M. M. Moser, Matheny & Daniele + Alnus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Becerra A, Nouhra E, Daniele G, Domínguez L, McKay D (2005) Ectomycorrhizas of Cortinarius helodes and Gyrodon monticola with Alnus acuminata from Argentina. Mycorrhiza 15(1): 7-15.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
ramification presence-type
  absent
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  straight
or    bent
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
length
1.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  lilac, light reddish blue [with bluish to lilac tints towards the apex]
older parts colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    yellowish
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  present [young mycorrhizae exude whitish substace when damaged]
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  white, remaining white after some minutes
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  smooth
or    covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
or    abundant
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.04 mm    Mean (= average)
colour
  yellowish
or    white
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  incomplete
or    complete
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae arrangement
  not specific [hyphae tangentially oriented]
septa clamps presence
  present
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell shape
  polygonal
or    roundish
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
cell shape
  polygonal
or    roundish
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
3.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
3.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
130 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
220 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer presence
  present
middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
19.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1.6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  straight
or    not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
abundance
  abundant

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with soil particles


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
shape
  as normal hyphae

Chemical reactions

reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [slightly blue]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  South America

Tree

plant family
  Betulaceae
plant genus
  Alnus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cortinariaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –