– Enlarged view – |
• references | |
Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Chrakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229. Brand F (1991) Fagirhiza fusca. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 56, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
9 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• ramification presence-type | |
monopodial-pinnate | |
or | monopodial-pyramidal |
• tips {per 10 mm} number | |
8 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
15 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• ramification orders | |
0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• main axis diameter | |
0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.45 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
0.5 mm | Maximum value |
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs presence | |
present | |
• rhizomorphs frequency | |
infrequent |
• shape | |
straight | |
• shape {of distal end} | |
not inflated, cylindric | |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1.2 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• diameter | |
0.25 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• colour | |
brown | |
or | green |
• very tip colour | |
brown | |
or | greenish |
• older parts colour | |
black | |
or | dark brown |
or | brown |
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
present | |
• mantle laticifers visibility | |
absent | |
• mantle dots presence-colour | |
absent | |
• mantle carbonizing presence | |
absent | |
• mantle surface {in general} habit | |
shiny | |
or | not smooth |
• mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
densely woolly | |
or | densely cottony |
• emanating hyphae presence | |
present | |
• emanating hyphae abundance | |
abundant | |
• emanating hyphae distribution | |
not specifically distributed | |
or | concentrated proximally |
• diameter | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.015 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cross-section shape | |
round or roundish |
• presence | |
absent |
• emanating elements presence-type | |
rhizomorphs |
• presence | |
absent |
• organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
angular | |
• mantle type | |
angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K) | |
• mound cells granular contents | |
absent | |
• pores between cells presence | |
present | |
• pores between cells abundance | |
abundant | |
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
as thick as walls | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
membranaceously brownish | |
• cell diameter | |
20 µm | Mean (= average) |
• cell length | |
20 µm | Mean (= average) |
• cell density | |
5 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
7 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell wall thickness | |
0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
1.5 µm | Maximum value |
• cell wall with globular thickenings | |
absent | |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth | |
• cell wall projections presence | |
present | |
• cell wall projections abundance | |
infrequent | |
• cell wall projections shape | |
even in thickness | |
• drops of exuded pigment presence | |
absent |
• organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
membranaceously brownish | |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
without pattern | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
• cell diameter | |
2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
like other parts of mantle | |
or | pseudoparenchymatous |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density | |
7 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
9 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• mantle different layers presence | |
not discernable | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
18 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
21 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
41 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
0.3 | Minimum value |
0.5 | Mean (= average) |
0.8 | Maximum value |
• mantle different layers presence | |
not discernible | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
18 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
round | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
28 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
14 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
0.6 | Minimum value |
0.8 | Mean (= average) |
1.3 | Maximum value |
• presence | |
present | |
• kind | |
apparently two rows deep | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• lobes width | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• structure {in plan view} | |
of palmetti type |
• intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
absent | |
• septal pores configuration | |
dolipore-like structures | |
• anastomoses type | |
open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
or | closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum) |
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls} | |
thicker than |
• shape | |
not striking | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
or | membranaceously brownish |
• drops of exuded pigment presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
present | |
• kind | |
approximately 90° | |
or | Y-shaped |
• distance {from septum} | |
one or two hyphal diam. below the septum | |
• side-branches at septum number | |
one side-branch at septum |
• clamps presence | |
present | |
• clamps outline {in dorsal view} | |
cylindric | |
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view} | |
as broad as | |
• clamps outline {in lateral view} | |
as a semicircle | |
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view} | |
thinner than | |
• clamps hole presence | |
absent | |
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
present | |
• abundance | |
abundant | |
• distribution | |
evenly distributed |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
even | |
or | with ellbow-like protrusions |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
70 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
smooth | |
or | rough of warts |
or | without lens-shaped appositions |
or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness | |
even in thickness |
• type | |
undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B) |
|
• cup-like structures on surface presence | |
absent | |
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
absent |
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
absent |
• number {per cell} | |
2 | Mean (= average) |
• shape | |
oval | |
• diameter | |
1.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
• distance {between each other} | |
2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• substrate | |
in organic layer | |
• geographic occurrence continent | |
Europe |
• plant family | |
Fagaceae | |
• plant genus | |
Fagus | |
• plant habitat kind | |
forests, woods |
• public notes | |
Mycorrhizal ends light olive-brown, very tips light olive-brown, older parts black-brown; mantle in plan view with single cells on mantle surface; base of emanating hyphae up to 6 um thick and cell walls up to 1.5 um thick; in longitudinal sections Hartig net 1-2 cortical cell layers deep. |