|
|
– Enlarged view – |
| • references | |
| Agerer R (1996) Ramaria spinulosa (Fr.) Quel. + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 1: 119-124. | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6.5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| or | monopodial-pyramidal |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| nest-like, hyphal mats | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.36 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| abundant | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance mat | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.2 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.21 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.24 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| white | |
| • very tip colour | |
| yellowish | |
| • older parts colour | |
| black | |
| or | grey |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| silvery | |
| or | not smooth |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely stringy | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| not specifically distributed | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.12 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2 mm | Maximum value |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| or | flat |
| • colour | |
| white | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| repeatedly into smaller filaments | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| oblique | |
| • origin location | |
| not specific | |
| or | proximal |
| • margin habit | |
| hairy | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • crystals presence | |
| present | |
| • crystals location | |
| emanating hyphae | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B) | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • hyphal system kind | |
| undifferentiated | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| and | thicker than walls |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, constricted at septa | |
| and | slightly inflated in middle portions |
| and | ampullate at both sides of septum |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 75 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 135 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| rough | |
| and | with few soil particles |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| or | gelatinous |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 70 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| or | gelatinous |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely | |
| or | radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| or | cylindrical |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| round | |
| or | radially-oval to -elliptic |
| or | tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| globular thickenings | |
| • backwards-oriented ramifications presence | |
| present | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls} | |
| as thick as | |
| • anastomoses location | |
| not specified | |
| • type | |
| as acanthocystidia (type P) | |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa kind | |
| absent, with basal clamp only | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| darker | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thinner | |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| present | |
| • contents type | |
| finely granular | |
| • shape | |
| not striking | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| present | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| acute | |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| adjacent to septum | |
| or | one or two hyphal diam. below the septum |
| • side-branches at septum number | |
| one side-branch at septum | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence shape | |
| cuboid | |
| or | octahedral |
| • orientation | |
| irregularly | |
| • length | |
| 0.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • type | |
| slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged (type C) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • conical young side-branches presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| present | |
| • ampullate inflations thickness | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| present | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| or | oval |
| • diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 1.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • distance {between each other} | |
| 0 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • substrate | |
| in mineral soil | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Fagaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Fagus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Ramariaceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | clavarioid |
| • public notes | |
| Older parts of mycorrhizal ends greyish and becoming black with age; outer mantle layers in plan view with rough hyphae near rhizomorph connection; cystidia infrequent, preferrably occurring on rhizomorphs, sometimes with globular inflations up to 6 um in diam., outgrowths 4-6x1 um; emanating hyphae near proximal ends up to 5.5 um thick, crystals very infrequent; rhizomorph central hyphae rarely with slightly thicker septa than walls, cell walls of inflations 0.5-1 um thick; peripheral hyphae crystals 1.5-5 um thick; in longitudinal section Hartig net 1-2(-3) cortical cell layers deep; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter distinctly blue, with blue-filter distinctly green, with green-filter red; mantle in KOH yellowish, in FeSO4 greenish, in lactic acid crystals and warts of cell walls not dissolving, in formol greenish, in cotton-blue walls slightly blue, in ethanol slightly brownish, in safranine walls red. | |