Ramaria subbotrytis (Coker) Corner + Quercus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

references
  Agerer R (1996) Ramaria subbotrytis (Coker) Corner + Quercus robur L. Descr Ectomyc 1: 125-130.
Agerer R (1998) Ramaria subbotrytis. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 134, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.33 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  straight
or    bent
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.24 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  white
older parts colour
  violet, dark reddish blue
or    white
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.15 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Maximum value
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
colour
  white
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
or    proximal
margin habit
  hairy
or    fan-like
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip}
or    middle mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
and    gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thicker than walls
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    ampullate at one side of septum
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  {in some cells} homogeneous, brownish
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
0.5 µm    Maximum value
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
and    with many soil particles
drops of exuded pigment presence
  present
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, ring-like
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
cell length
8 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
140 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  plectenchymatous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  gelatinous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Mean (= average)
30 µm    Maximum value
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
26 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
32 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
63 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
68 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
15.2 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  periepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
or    beaded
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Minimum value
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
18.5 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
septa presence
  absent
septa kind
  absent, with basal clamp only
diameter {proximal}
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall colour
  absent
cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells}
  similar
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  similar in thickness
cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
surface habit
  smooth
contents presence
  present
contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Mean (= average)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
15 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
or    as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  present
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
ampullate inflations thickness
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
shape
  round
diameter
1 µm    Mean (= average)
length
1 µm    Mean (= average)

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  present
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  present
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in mineral soil
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Quercus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Ramariaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregular monopodial-pinnate to monopodial-pyramidal; mycorrhizal ends only slightly tortuous, if air between mantle hyphae displaced by water slightly brownish, older parts with a slightly violet tint; mantle in plan view with infrequent at one side ampullate hyphae and there 5.5-7.5 um thick, drops (?, possibly tenderly walled cells) of exuded pigment 5-13x5-8 um; cystidia infrequent on mantle, more abundant on rhizomorphs, outgrowths of cystidia 2-6 um long, (0.5-)1(-1.5) um thick; in cross-section Hartig net (1-)2(-3) cortical cell layers deep; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter blue, with blue-filter green, with green-filter red; mantle in guaiac blue and more distinctly in rhizomorphs, in cotton-blue weakly bluish, in phenole walls slightly greyish, in safranine walls red.

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