Russula ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Pillukat A (1991) Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Ektomykorrhizen von Russula ochroleuca und Paxillus involutus an verschiedenen Baumarten. Dipl Thesis, Uni München.
Pillukat A, Agerer R (1992) Studien an Ektomykorrhizen XL. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur baumbezogenen Variabilität der Ektomykorrhizen von Russula ochroleuca. Z Mykol 58(2): 211-242.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  contact
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
or    bent
or    constricted between older and younger parts
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.35 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.55 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellow
• very tip colour
  yellowish
• older parts colour
  brown
or    orange
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  yellowish or greenish
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely grainy or warty
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
• mantle type
  angular cells and mounds of flattened cells (type O)
• mound cells diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm    Maximum value
• mound cells granular contents
  present
• pores between cells presence
  present
• pores between cells abundance
  infrequent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
6     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
21     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall projections presence
  present
• cell wall projections abundance
  infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
  even in thickness
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
3.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
49 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
13     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Mean (= average)
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
29 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
6 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
31 µm    Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
56.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
4.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
23 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
84 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
26.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.7     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  present
• shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
18 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
67 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
91 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
24 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
71 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
19 µm    Minimum value
28 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
46 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
58 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
51.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
or    three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    plasmatically yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
• distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
or    with ellbow-like protrusions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
or    oval
• diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• {occurence in} humus type
  mull
or    moder
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
  Russula sect. Ingratae
• subsection
  Russula sect. Ingratae subsect. Felleinae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal ends straight to slightly bent; length of cells of mounds (3-)8-22(-30)um; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter in outer parts slightly greenish yellow, in inner parts bluish white, with blue-filter outer mantle parts intensely yellow, inner mantle parts bluish- white, with green-filter slightly red; mantle with KOH turning to red.

– Item listing –