| • references | |
| Waller K, Agerer R (1993) Scleroderma citrinum. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 80, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Waller K, Raidl S, Agerer R (1993) Die Ektomykorrhizen von Scleroderma citrinum. Z Mykol 59: 141-153. |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 11 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pyramidal | |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| abundant, dense | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.6 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.9 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| abundant | |
| • exploration type | |
| long distance | |
| • shape | |
| bent | |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| white | |
| • very tip colour | |
| white | |
| • older parts colour | |
| white | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| silvery | |
| or | smooth |
| or | not smooth |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| forming rings (reticulate) | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| not specifically distributed | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| • colour | |
| concolourous to mantle | |
| or | white |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| frequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| not specific | |
| or | proximal |
| • margin habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | densely enveloped by hyphae |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, not constricted at septa | |
| and | cylindric, constricted at septa |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| ring-like | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 50 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 70 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 14 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 18 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 35 µm | Minimum value |
| 41 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 46 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 54 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 17 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 0.4 | Mean (= average) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| paraepidermal | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 18 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 35 µm | Minimum value |
| 37 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 48 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 13 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 0.3 | Mean (= average) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| apparently one and a half row deep | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • shape | |
| not striking | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 3.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
| 50 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 75 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | rough of warts |
| or | without lens-shaped appositions |
| or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • type | |
| highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| present | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| or | oval |
| • diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • distance {between each other} | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • substrate | |
| in organic layer | |
| • soil pH | |
| acid reaction | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| known | |
| • plant genus | |
| Betula | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Sclerodermataceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | gastroid |
| • public notes | |
| Autofluoescence of mantle in section with UV-filter outer part bluish, middle part orange, inner part reddish, with blue-filter outer part slightly yellow, middle part yellow, inner part yellow-orange, with green-filter red throughout; mantle in guaiac blue, in brillant-cresyl-blue inner mantle layer and cytoplasm blue, in cotton-blue inner mantle layers and cytoplasm blue. | |