Tuber melanosporum Vitt. + Corylus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Rauscher T, Agerer R, Chevalier G (1995) Ektomykorrhizen von Tuber melanosporum, Tuber mesentericum und Tuber rufum (Tuberales) an Corylus avellana. Nova Hedwigia 61: 281-322.
Rauscher T, Chevalier G (1995) Tuber melanosporum. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 87, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
1     Mean (= average)
2     Maximum value
• abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.33 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
or    bent
or    beaded
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.29 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.33 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    red
• very tip colour
  brownish
or    yellowish
• older parts colour
  dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
  epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not specialized
• hyphal net cells diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  distinct, rather thick
• pores between cells presence
  present
• pores between cells abundance
  infrequent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
10     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• cell wall projections presence
  present
• cell wall projections abundance
  infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
  even in thickness
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
or    epimembranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
9     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Minimum value
1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
12     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
9 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
54 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
13.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
or    infrequently lobed
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  round
or    radially-oval to -elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
9 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
11 µm    Minimum value
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
14.6 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.7     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Mean (= average)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
or    infrequently lobed
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
  proximal
or    medial
or    distal
• branches ramification presence
  absent
or    present
• septa presence
  present
• septa kind
  simple
• diameter {proximal}
3.6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
290 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
420 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall colour
  yellowish
or    brownish
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Minimum value
0.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thicker
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  with ring-like thickenings
• contents presence
  absent
• contents type
  absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• shape
  globular
or    as small racemes
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  oval
• diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
• length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
• distance {between each other}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  present
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
or    present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Corylus
• plant habitat kind
  nursery

Fungus

• family
  Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes
  Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter outer portions sligtly brown and remaining parts dark brown, with blue-filter outer portions yellow-brown and remaining parts dark brown, with green-filter outer portions slightly red and remaining parts dark red; mantle in FeSO4 with greyish-brown walls, in lactic acid and formol walls of lighter colour, in cotton-blue only outermost cell walls slightly blue.

– Item listing –