Nothofagirhiza reticulosa + Nothofagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Palfner G (2001) Taxonomische Studien an Ektomykorrhizen aus den Nothofagus-Wäldern Mittelsüdchiles. Bibliotheca Mycologica Vol. 190, Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification index
0.3     Minimum value
0.4     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7     Mean (= average)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1.3     Maximum value
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brownish [beige light brown]
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
  black [beige light brown]
or    brownish
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• older parts colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
or    densely stringy
or    loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Minimum value
0.02 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.15 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  flat
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  hairy
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  generally present
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
14 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
200 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
54 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
77 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    rough
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa clamps presence
  present [very infrequent]
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
42 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle [inner mantle hyphae considerably thinner, less than 3 µm]
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
56 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer presence
  present
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Minimum value
29 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.2     Minimum value
0.25     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4     Mean (= average)
0.5     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.7     Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer presence
  present
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
18 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
31 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Minimum value
28 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
38 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  present
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
or    as thick as
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  as thick as main part of branch

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• abundance
  exceptional
• distribution
  not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
23 µm    Minimum value
63 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
123 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [emanating hyphae and hyphae of outer mantle layer slightly orange-brown, inner mantle hyphae slightly bluish]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
or    present [mantle red to reddish violet]

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• geographic occurrence continent
  South America

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Nothofagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Cortinariaceae

– Item listing –