"Fagirhiza cystidiophora" + Fagus

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– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Brand F (1988) Fagirhiza cystidiophora. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 15, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Brand F, Agerer R (1988) Studien an Ektomykorrhizen XIII. Drei häufige Ektomykorrhizen der Buche (Fagus sylvatica L.). Charakterisierung und unsterile Kultivierung von Buchenektomykorrhizen. Sydowia 40: 1-37.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
20     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3     Maximum value
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Mean (= average)
0.6 mm    Maximum value
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellow
• very tip colour
  yellowish
• older parts colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely short-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  concentrated distally
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
  epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not specialized
• hyphal net cells diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  distinct, rather thick
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• pores between cells presence
  absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell density
5     Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• cell wall projections presence
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell density
6     Mean (= average)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell diameter
5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
or    pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
7     Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent
• shape
  round
or    radially-oval to -elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
  absent
• septa presence
  present
• septa kind
  simple
• diameter {proximal}
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
80 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  absent
• contents type
  absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
4.5 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• shape
  globular
• diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
1     Mean (= average)
2     Maximum value
• shape
  round
• diameter
1.5 µm    Mean (= average)
2 µm    Maximum value
• length
1.5 µm    Mean (= average)
2 µm    Maximum value
• distance {between each other}
2 µm    Mean (= average)
3 µm    Maximum value

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  present
• reaction with sudan III presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal ends straw-coloured to golden-yellow, older parts golden-brown to honey-coloured; outer mantle layers in plan view with indivudual hyphae often still discernible; middle mantle layers in plan view with isodiametric to slightly elongated, partially rectangular, partly slightly epidermoid cells; cystidia with 1-3 simple septa; in cross-section Hartig net 1-2(-3) cortical cell layers deep; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter outer layers creme-white and inner layers slightly brownish orange, with blue-filter greenish yellow throughout; mantle in KOH light nut-brown, in brillant-cresyl-blue bluish, in toluidin-blue blue, in cotton-blue outer mantle cell walls distinctly blue, in ethanol slowly bleaching, in ruthenium-red outer mantle cell walls reddish, in Kongo-red red.

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