Inocybe appendiculata Kühn. + Picea

Literature

• references
	Beenken L (1996) Inocybe appendiculata. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 94, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd Beenken L, Agerer R, Bahnweg G (1996) Inocybe appendiculata Kühn. + Picea abies (L.) Karst. Descr Ectomyc 1: 35-40

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
or	monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
or	bent
or	beaded
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
or	inflated, club-shaped
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	white
• very tip colour
	white
• older parts colour
	brown
or	red
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
or	smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	outer mantle layer {apart from tip}

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
and	hyphae arranged net-like, repeatedly and squarrosely branched (type E)
• matrix kind
	gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
and	slightly inflated in middle portions
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Mean (= average)
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
49.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
6.1	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	rectangular
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
125 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
69.9 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.9	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
65 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangential length TCt
37.4 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.6	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
33.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.4	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• backwards-oriented clamps presence
	absent
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
	as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	thinner

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
	one or two hyphal diam. below the septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	present
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
	as a semicircle
or	more than a semicircle
or	constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
	thinner than
• clamps hole presence
	absent
or	present
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• abundance
	abundant
• distribution
	partially crowded

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
or	with ellbow-like protrusions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
• diameter
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of siderophilous granulations

• presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	yellow, yellowish
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	present
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	present
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Picea
• plant habitat kind
	gardens, parks

Fungus

• family
	Cortinariaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	epigeous
or	pileate-lamellate

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
4	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
51	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
72	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 3. band from below number
92	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 4. band from below number
300	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
2	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
170	Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
240	Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes

Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter greenish blue throughout, with blue-filter greenish yellow throughout, with green-filter red throughout; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with dissolving walls and contents of cells become orange-red, in guaiac bluing, in FeSO4 greenish grey, in brillant-cresyl-blue walls slightly blue, in cotton-blue walls dark blue, simple septa of emanating hyphae dark blue, in acid fuchsin walls slightly pink.

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