Lactarius thejogalus (Bull.) Fr. + Picea

Literature

• references
	Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-217.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	infrequent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	infrequent

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
or	orange
• very tip colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
or	whitish
• older parts colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	shiny
or	smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0.012 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.09 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
	round or roundish
• dimorphism presence
	absent

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent
or	present
• location
	middle mantle layer
or	inner mantle layer
or	rhizomorphs
• shape
	straight and even
• ramification presence-abundance
	infrequent
• cell diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomical features of the mantle

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	angular
• mantle type
	angular cells bearing a hyphal net (type P)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
	faint, delicate, inconspicuous, rather thin
• pores between cells presence
	absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
and	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
7	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15	Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	present
• cell wall projections abundance
	infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
	even in thickness
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
or	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
11	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
18 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
18 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm	Minimum value
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Minimum value
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
160 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
4 µm	Minimum value
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
76.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.1	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
50 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
120 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
85 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.7	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
14 µm	Minimum value
17 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
4 µm	Minimum value
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
30.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
2.4	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm	Minimum value
18 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
42 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
24.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.1	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
or	three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• septal pores configuration
	dolipore-like structures

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B)
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
• diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0 µm	Mean (= average)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Picea
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
	Lactarius sect. Russulares
• fruitbodies growth habit
	epigeous
or	pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
	Laticifers without septa; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter whitish to light blue and rhizomorphs light blue, with blue-filter whitish and rhizomorphs whitish yellow; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with light red laticifers, in cotton-blue with blue green laticifers.

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